Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Today, I will talk to you about how to carry out common linux automation tasks, which may not be well understood by many people. In order to make you understand better, the editor has summarized the following contents for you. I hope you can get something according to this article.

Achieving "automation" has the following benefits:

Save manpower, one script is enough.

Automatic execution at night can avoid the peak period of website traffic and does not affect the efficiency of the website during the day.

Accurate, in the case of perfect settings, there will be no mistakes.

Of course, the most important thing is not to worry, you don't have to type some commands frequently.

Boot up

Boot should be our frequent requirement, we often need to automatically execute certain commands to start services, processes, etc., with it we no longer have to enter the same set of commands every time we boot.

Chkconfig command

Use the chkconfig command to start a specific service or program at different startup levels.

Let's first talk about the running level of linux:

Level 0 indicates that the computer is turned off

Level 1 means: single user mode

Level 2: multi-user command line mode without NFS function

Level 3 indicates that there is a multi-user command line mode with NFS function

Level 4 means: not available

Level 5 means: multi-user mode with graphical interface

Level 6 means: restart

The command for chkconfig is as follows:

Chkconfig-- list / / command to view the set open self-boot list. The result of xxxd 0:off 1:off 2:on... 6:off / / list indicates that the xxxd service will start automatically when the startup level is 2 3 4 5. Chkconfig-- add xxxd// adds a xxxd service chkconfig to the task list [--level 1 / 2 / 6] xxxd on/off// sets the xxxd service on / off in n status, and [] omission enables chkconfig at level 2345-- del xxxd// removes the xxxd service from the task list.

Editing of rc.d files

You can also directly edit the files in the / etc/rc.d/ directory to achieve boot self-startup. There are many files in this directory. Rcn.d is the startup folder when the startup status is n. Rc, rc.sysinit and init.d are all modules of the system or self-boot files of the system settings.

We use vim rc.local to edit the rc.local file to customize our self-boot plan. The command is very simple, just like you usually do. For example, / usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start means to boot the apache server automatically.

Implementation of timing tasks with at

At is a simple scheduled task program with simple functions. It can only perform one-time scheduled tasks. Its usage is as follows:

# at time//at add time to start at command at > operation// enter the action to be performed at > Ctrl+D// press Ctrl+D to exit command editing

The common forms of its time are as follows

At Havana m tomorrow / / H point m at now + n minutes/hours/days/weeks / / at n minutes / hour / day / week later at midnight / / at midnight =-= at Hrig m pm/am / / at H point m minute in the morning / afternoon of that day

We can also view the current command of at in the / var/spool/at file. It is also important to note that the linux default atd process is turned off and needs to be opened manually.

Implementation of timing tasks with crontab

Linux's built-in cron process can help us achieve these requirements, cron with shell scripts, very complex instructions are not a problem.

Cron introduction

The cron daemon is a small subsystem of utilities and configuration files. Some style of cron can be found on almost all UNIX-like systems. We can use ps aux | grep cron to find the crond daemon.

What we often use is that the crontab command is the abbreviation for cron table, which is the configuration file of cron, or the job list, which we can find in the following folder.

/ var/spool/cron/ directory stores crontab tasks for each user, including root, and each task is named after the creator

/ etc/crontab this file is responsible for scheduling various management and maintenance tasks.

The / etc/cron.d/ directory is used to hold any crontab files or scripts to be executed.

We can also put the script in

/ etc/con.hourly, / etc/con.daily, / etc/con.weekly, / etc/con.monthly directory, let it be executed every hour / day / week, month.

The use of crontab

Our common commands are as follows:

Crontab [- u username] / / omitting the user table means to operate the current user's crontab-e (edit worksheet)-l (list the commands in the worksheet)-r (delete work)

We use crontab-e to enter the current user's worksheet editing, which is a common vim interface. Each line is an order.

The command of crontab is composed of time + action, which can be divided into minutes, hours, days, months and Fridays, and the operators are

* all numbers in the value range

/ how many digits per pass

-from X to Z

, hash number

Here are a few examples.

Time Note 0 025 12 * / at 00:00 on December 25th * / 5 * / every 5 minutes * 4-6 * / / every day at 456 * 2pm / / every Tuesday and Friday with a simple shell script

If our command has very complex operations such as logical judgment, it will be a bit difficult to edit crontab directly, so we can use shell scripts. Its origin, classification definition is not in line with the title, no more, let's talk about its usage directly.

We use vim / usr/sh/test.sh to edit a shell script using vim

#! / bin/sh / / declare the start shell script a = "hello world" / / define a shell variable echo $a / / familiar echo, and output the a variable

Then crontab-e edits the crontab, adding * / 5 * / usr/sh/test.sh to run the test.sh script every five minutes, or / phppath/php / filepath/test.php to execute the php program with the php process.

After reading the above, do you have any further understanding of how to perform common linux automation tasks? If you want to know more knowledge or related content, please follow the industry information channel, thank you for your support.

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