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This article will explain in detail what you should learn about the introduction to Linux, and the content of the article is of high quality, so the editor will share it with you for reference. I hope you will have a certain understanding of the relevant knowledge after reading this article.

We often hear a lot of people say that they want to learn Linux or are told that they should learn Linux, so what on earth do you need to learn to learn Linux?

Why do you want to learn Linux

Before we answer what to learn, let's see why we need to learn. First of all, we need to realize that many servers use Linux systems, and as developers or maintainers of server applications, how can they be developed or maintained if they do not understand the basic use of Linux?

Of course, it's also possible that you've heard that Linux is more classy, or that Linux is more developer-friendly (Windows users put the knife down), which is beside the point.

In my opinion, there are two main reasons for learning Linux

Writing applications running on Linux using the standard C _ blank +

Write applications deployed on Linux, such as Python,Java web services

Find out. As we all know, Linux is open source, but windows is not.

For Python, it has a Python interpreter, and Java has a Java virtual machine, and their demand for Linux is actually not as high as that of Linux +. Even so, Linux is worth learning for Python/Java developers.

Linux learning direction

So what do you generally say you need to learn to learn Linux? The direction is different, the content to learn is also different, can be roughly divided into several directions:

Operation and maintenance, maintain Linux server

Application development, development of Linux applications

Low-level development

I do Linux application development myself, so I don't know much about the operation and maintenance direction and the underlying direction, so I'll just talk about it briefly.

The operation and maintenance Linux mainly needs to learn the basic deployment, monitoring, configuration, management and so on of the server. You can think that these machines are under your control, and you can ensure that they can provide services normally 24 hours a day (do not delete the database and run away), so please be kind to the friends of the operation and maintenance staff on July 24. Friends of the operation and maintenance staff are also welcome to leave messages to correct or supplement my remarks.

The underlying development needs to understand uboot, file system, kernel and other underlying related content, the main work may involve file system tailoring, driver development, kernel module customization (such as memory management, process scheduling) and so on. The requirements of low-level development are generally high.

Application development naturally needs to learn how to develop applications that run on Linux, how to locate Linux application problems, and so on.

What does Linux Application Development learn?

A lot of Linux learning will be command-based, so beginners will feel boring or even confused, mouse clicks can be accomplished, why should crackle knock so much? Here are two reasons, and you are welcome to add:

For resource reasons, most Linux servers do not have a graphical interface

The command line is easy to automate and writes a series of operations to a script instead of manual operation

And its learning I divided it into the following stages:

Basic use

Development and debugging

Systematic cognition

These three stages have different requirements for knowledge accumulation, but on the whole, there is no strict priority.

Similar to windows, what did you learn when you studied windows?

Switch on and off?

Install and uninstall software? Such as installing video player, music player (why install this thing?).

How do I open the installed software? For example, open a browser to surf the Internet and open an editor to write documents.

How to store your own information? Move, create, delete, etc.

How to use office Office Software

……

Do you think about it and don't seem to study on purpose?

Well, it is also similar for learning Linux, that is, to learn these most common uses.

How to turn the machine on and off

How to surf the Internet

How to open the command line

How to use the command line to install and uninstall software

How to edit text

How to create, move, and delete files

How to view the contents of a file and extract the file

……

The hardest part at this stage is the transition from the graphical interface to the command line.

Well, in the second stage, we need to learn:

How to write Linux applications

How to compile or build your program

How to run your program

How to locate the program bug

The third stage, on the other hand, is a long learning process, but all for development, including:

Understand and practice all documents

ELF file, Linux main executable file format

The basic principles of the major mechanisms of Linux, such as process scheduling, memory management, virtual memory, file system, etc., since you want to write Linux applications, how can you not understand the main mechanisms of its platform?

The more difficult the problem, the more basic knowledge is needed.

How to learn?

Come to the problem that everyone is most concerned about, similarly, everyone's situation is not the same, here is only my personal advice.

For the first stage, you can set a small goal, such as learning to do your daily activities under Linux for a period of time (forget playing games), such as writing documents, watching videos, and so on. It is also suggested that:

Choose a mainstream distribution, such as ubuntu,centos, which is easier to solve when you encounter problems

Install a virtual machine under window so that the Linux environment is up to you.

In the meantime, you may need to know

Install or uninstall software using apt-get or yum

Install the package using unzipped software such as tar,unzip,zip,gz

Understand the running environment and learn how to execute commands

You can practice the study here by searching materials online (video tutorials or blog articles) or buying related books. If you don't want to install a virtual machine or docker, you can experience it through some online Linux.

The second stage is also the main stage, this stage has a lot to learn, mostly command learning, here you can also refer to "Brother Bird's Linux Private Cuisine-Basics". But in the early stages, it is recommended to learn with a goal, that is, how to write a complete program in Linux. In order to achieve this goal, you need to learn.

Cd touch cp mv rm ls,find, switch directories, create, copy, move, delete, view, find, etc.

Vi/vim writes the code, and here is an online practice website

Gcc compiles code, and you may need to learn build tools such as makefile,cmake later.

Version management, git is also a necessary tool at present, learning materials recommend pro git

For gdb debugging, you can refer to the GDB debugging Guide

Problem location, in addition to observing the most basic printing, you also need to know how to view process information (ps), how to view network connection information (ss,netstat), how to force a stop process (kill-9), how to view process file opening (lsof), how to view text files in multiple postures (cat,tail,more,less), and so on.

Script learning, learning Linux, you have to learn the shell script, it can do things for you without complaint in many cases, as long as you can train. The complete Book of Linux Command Line and shell scripting is also one of the tutorials. There is also some "necessary shell knowledge" here.

There are a lot of commands involved in this process, but it is not recommended to study each one in detail. just know that there is such a command first, and then you can quickly find the usage when you need it. Keep in mind that your goal is to develop and debug smoothly. And in the process of achieving this goal, you will slowly come into contact with more.

But it is necessary to note that the development of Linux applications does not have to write code under Linux, you can choose to use tools such as samba to share files between windows and linux, and then write code in the familiar tools under windows or in tools that you think are more powerful and appropriate, and compile and debug under Linux. Of course, you can also choose IDE under Linux, or adjust the vim.

The requirement of the third stage is relatively high, at this time you should have learned relevant courses about the operating system, and then you can learn related concepts through books such as "in-depth understanding of computer Systems", "Design and implementation of Linux Kernel", "in-depth understanding of Linux Kernel Architecture", "in-depth understanding of Linux Kernel", or by reading source code. Finally, you need to understand heap and stack, memory management. Process scheduling, virtual memory, file system and other related knowledge.

Of course, related command learning is also essential, such as readelf,nm,ipcs,iostat,objdump,free,chrt,pmap,uptime,top,pidstat and so on.

The above are the three stages of Linux-related learning content and suggestions, in fact, Cpicket + related synchronous learning is also very important, including the relevant data structures and algorithms, system programming, network programming and other content learning, otherwise see a lot of command results will still look confused.

Finally, it is suggested that the practice should be followed by practice.

You can use it online. Linux will find it for you.

If you don't want to install a virtual machine, here are a few websites that can play Linux online. They don't need registered users and can use them directly.

Unix Terminal Online

Address:

Https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_terminal_online.php

This site also supports the compilation and running of the code, and the speed is OK.

JS/UIX-Terminal

Address:

Https://www.masswerk.at/jsuix/index.htm

After entering, click open terminal. It provides a very simple terminal environment and does not come with a compilation suite such as gcc, but it is OK to practice basic commands and shell scripts. It is also relatively smooth to use as a whole.

Cb.vu

Address:

Http://cb.vu

It uses FreeBSD, and the overall flow is very smooth, but also does not support code compilation and running.

Copy.sh

Address:

Https://copy.sh/v86/?profile=linux2

It can be full-screen experience, let you feel like playing on a real Linux, but also support a variety of distributions, you can try if you want to experience different systems.

JsLinux

Address:

Https://bellard.org/jslinux/

It provides a variety of system options, and you can also compile and run code on it.

But the overall feeling is not very smooth.

Bash Shell

Address:

Https://www.jdoodle.com/test-bash-shell-script-online/

This can be used specifically to practice shell programming.

Paiza

Address:

Https://paiza.io/en/projects/new?language=bash

Ditto, it can be used to learn shell scripts.

ShellCheck

Address:

Https://www.shellcheck.net/

Like its name, it is used to check your script for possible problems.

The script just didn't run as expected? How about shellcheck?

About the entry Linux should learn what good to share here, I hope that the above content can be of some help to you, can learn more knowledge. If you think the article is good, you can share it for more people to see.

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