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Most people do not understand the knowledge points of this "Linux core knowledge points" article, so the editor summarizes the following, detailed content, clear steps, and has a certain reference value. I hope you can get something after reading this article. Let's take a look at this "what are the core knowledge points of Linux" article.

The Origin of 1.Linux

Unlike today, computers in the early days were generally used in scientific and technological research, military, technical units, etc., with few machines and a large number of people.

At first, Ken Thompson, a member of the Bell Research Group who withdrew from the Multics project (which allows the mainframe to reach 300 terminals), wrote a core program and simplified the planned system, eventually called Unics (not yet Unix).

After the spread of Bell Labs and several revisions, it has become the core of Unics written in C language, that is, Unix. Then, Bill 喜悦 modified the code and named it Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). The BSD software is easy to use and widely circulated.

Richard Mathew Stallman launched the GNU program in 1984 to establish a free and open Unix system. Not only did he promote the use of this kernel program by his colleagues, but he also wrote a compiler for the C language, that is, gcc, in which several important software developed by GNU allowed many of the later software to be developed through these basic programs.

At this time, the computer is in the eruption period, the performance of the hardware is constantly improving, and the market of PC is constantly expanding. at that time, the only operating systems available for computers are Unix, DOS and MacOS.

But:

◆ Unix is too expensive to run on PC

◆ DOS is crude, and the source code is strictly kept secret by software vendors.

◆ MacOS is an operating system designed specifically for Apple computers.

▲ makes it impossible to popularize these three operating systems, and at this time, the field of computer science urgently needs a more perfect, powerful, cheap and completely open operating system.

In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a sophomore at the University of Helsinki in Finland, absorbed the essence of MINIX and used bash, gcc and other tools to make some improvements to the existing Unix operating system-- using the core of Unix to remove complicated core programs.

Finally, Linus wrote its own Linux operating system, which is suitable for x86 systems of ordinary computers, and put it on the network for everyone to download. The first generation version is Linux0.01, which marks the beginning of the Linux era, and Linus is also known as "the father of Linux".

Today, Linux has become a fully functional, stable operating system and widely used system, but also a truly free and open source system!

With the development of the Internet, Linux has received support from software enthusiasts, organizations and companies all over the world. With such an important Linux, as a programmer, how can you really grasp the core of this technology?

two。 Why is Linux so popular?

Linux is unique in the world of enterprise computing, big data and science (Lenovo supercomputers).

First of all, Linux not only has stable system performance, but also has the characteristics of open source, no copyright and many users in the technical community.

Open source allows users to cut freely, with high flexibility, powerful functions and low cost. In particular, the network protocol stack is embedded in the system, which can realize the function of the router after proper configuration.

◆ Linux is free. You don't have to pay to use Linux, you are free to view, edit and distribute the source code. When you buy a computer with Windows or macOS, the cost of these operating systems is actually included in the price.

◆ Linux is flexible. Linux is used in many different types of computers. You can now install Linux on your laptop or desktop without having to make any settings to start and run! This flexibility is possible because the Linux operating system is designed to do a job easily and use more functional tools to do it. You can assemble a version of Linux that is suitable for your device and optimized for your needs.

These characteristics make Linux an ideal development platform for developing routing switching devices.

More importantly, the Linux core firewall components have efficient performance and simple configuration, which ensures the security of the system. In many enterprise networks, in order to pursue speed and security, Linux is not only used as a server by network operators, but also as a network firewall, which is also a bright spot of Linux.

Master Linux core technology = get a weapon-like operating system

The famous Huawei Hongmeng system is based on linux, so is there any reason why you don't study hard and master the core technology because of the magic weapons used by big companies?

3. To use Linux like this

There are many friends with questions:

How should I get started with Linux system operation and maintenance?

What technology does the operation and maintenance of Linux system need to learn? How to learn?

If the system and service report an error, how to deal with it?

Why the monitoring system did not call the police, or the alarm was not notified.?

The database has lost data, how to recover? How to back up data effectively?

How does Docker learn? What do you learn?

...

Everything is difficult at the beginning, and a solid foundation for every technology is the first step in getting started. The ultimate purpose of all learning is to master the core technology so that it can be applied to practical projects.

A systematic, comprehensive and standardized learning route is very important, so that you can face the real operation and maintenance environment of the enterprise, quickly start the Linux system, and master the skills required by the enterprise position!

Next, we will lead you to enter the Linux small class, which will be answered by the migrant workers who have been working in IT technology for many years to help you practice and successfully obtain the magic weapon as soon as possible!

Some related technical points:

1) the most basic service

Such as SSH service, NFS network file system, DHCP/DNS, data synchronization service and so on.

2) LAMP/LNMP architecture

Basic knowledge of each component

Installation and configuration of each component

Common optimization and troubleshooting of each component

3) Database

In Internet enterprises, the most commonly used database is MySQL, which must be mastered. In addition, we also need to understand and master the commonly used NOSQL databases, such as Redis, MongoDB and so on.

Let's take the MySQL database as an example to show what technical points we need to master:

Multiple installation methods: source code, binary, Yum

Optimization: hardware, profile optimization

Common management and operation: multi-instance, permission configuration, database and table data management

Backup and recovery: incremental, full backup and recovery, backup and recovery based on third-party tools

Common architecture: master-slave synchronization, read-write separation (based on official or third-party components)

Troubleshooting: start-up failure, data out of sync, misoperation, etc.

4) Common services

For operation and maintenance, there are many commonly used services, such as Java Web services Tomcat, Jboss, Weblogic and so on. Migrant workers use Tomcat most every day, and come into contact with more middleware services, such as Kafaka and RabbitMQ, but do not need to master the source code, but only need to master daily configuration, optimization, troubleshooting, as well as some business-related architecture adjustments.

5) system monitoring and alarm

This is one of the key points in the operation and maintenance work, monitoring service software are open source, commercial, most open source software can basically meet the common needs, like the open source monitoring software commonly used in our work: early there are Nagios, Cacti, and then Zabbix gradually replaced the first two, and there will be some monitoring software developed specifically for a certain aspect, such as: database monitoring software Lepus. However, the final choice is still based on demand.

6) containers

Container technology is a rigid requirement of enterprise recruitment in recent years, and more and more enterprises are on the way of containerization development, so the excellent technology in this area is very powerful to enhance the competitiveness in the job search process.

7) other

For operation and maintenance work, a problem that must be considered after a certain stage of employment is: how to achieve repetitive work automation? This requires to master some basic theories and tools of automation, and now is the era of universal access to the cloud, so it is necessary to be familiar with and master all kinds of operations of third-party cloud products.

The above is about the content of this article on "what are the core knowledge points of Linux". I believe we all have a certain understanding. I hope the content shared by the editor will be helpful to you. If you want to know more about the relevant knowledge, please follow the industry information channel.

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