Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Linux package Management

RPM =

# ldd to view dynamic link libraries called by binary programs

# ldconfig-p displays all available library files that have been cached locally

Dll: Dynamic link library

So: Shared Object

API: Application Program Interface API

ABI: Application Binary INterface application binary interface

Unix-like ELF

C _ blank + program format:

Source code: program code in text format

Compiler development environment: compiler, header file, development library

Binary format: program code in text format-compiler-binary format (binary programs, library files, configuration files)

Java/pathon program format:

Source code: compiled into a format that can run on its virtual machine (jvm/pvm)

Development environment: compiler, development library

Project build tools:

C/c++:make

Java:maven

Package Manager:

Source code-target binary format-organized into several package files; complete installation, upgrade, query, uninstall, validation, etc.

Debian:dpt,dpkg ".deb"

Redhat:rpm ".rpm"

S.u.S.E:rpm ".rpm"

Rpm:Redhat Package Manage

RPM Package Manage

Rpm package naming format:

Name-VERSION-rpmrelease.arch.gz archetecture architecture

VERSION:major.minor.release

Yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm

Yum-3.2.29 version 73 modifications to Redhat Enterprise 6

Changelog

Unpacking: select the features required in the complete package

Front-end tools: automatically resolve dependencies

Yum: rhel

Apt-get (apt-cache): deb

Zypper: suse

Dnf: fedora 22 +

Package Manager:

Function: package the component files of the compiled application into one or more package files

Thus it is convenient to install, uninstall, upgrade and other operations of the package.

/ var/lib/rpm/ rpm database

Ways to get packages:

1. The CD of the system distribution or the official file server (or mirror site)

Mirrors.aliyun.com

Mirrors.sohu.com

Mirrors.163.com

two。 The official site of the project

3. Third party organization

Pkgs.org

Rpmfind.net

Rpm.pbone.net

4. Make it yourself

Check its legitimacy:

Source legitimacy

Package integrity

# rpm [OPTIONS] [PACKAGE_FILE]

-I install-- install

Rpm-ivh packagefile-v displays details-h indicates progress with a # sign

-U upgrade or install-- update

-F can only be upgraded

-- oldpackage downgrade

-- force mandatory upgrade

-e uninstall-- erase rpm-e http (package name)

-- allmatchs deletes all versions of the specified name package

-- nodeps ignores dependencies

-- test test uninstall

-Q query-- query

[select-options]

-a-- all queries all packaged packages; can cooperate with grep

] # rpm-qa | grep httpd

-f FILE query specifies which package to install and generate the file

] # rpm-qf / etc/named

-p-- package PACKAGE_FILE performs queries on packages that are not installed-qpc-qpl-qpi

-- whatprovides CAPABILITY query specifies which program provides the capabilities

-- whatrequires CAPABILITY query specifies which package the capability is dependent on

[query-options]

-- changelog queries the changelog of the rpm package

-- provides lists all CAPABILITY provided by the specified package

-R-- requires queries the dependency of the specified package (CAPABILITY)

-l-- list lists all files generated by the program installation

-qpl queries which files will be generated after installation of uninstalled packages

-I-- info package related information

-c-- configfiles queries the configuration files provided by the specified program

-d-- docfiles queries the help documentation provided by the specified package

-- scripts views the scripts that come with the package

-V check-verify can specify which to check

] # rpm-V bash] # S.5. T

S file Size differs

M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)

5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs

D Device major/minor number mismatch

L readLink (2) path mismatch

U User ownership differs

G Group ownership differs

T mTime differs

P caPabilities differ

Database rebuild: default location: / var/lib/rpm

Rpmdb

Initdb initializes the database. There is currently no database to initialize to create a new database; if it exists, no action will be taken

-- rebuilddb recreates the database

-- dbpath specifies the path to create database files

-- builddb,initdb database maintenance

General options:

-- nodeps ignores dependencies

-- replacepkgd reinstallation can be reinstalled after deleting a configuration file

-- replacefiles replaces the same files that may appear in different packages

-- test Test installation only tests whether it can be installed but not actually installed

-- nosignature does not check packet signature information, does not check source validity

-- nodigest does not check package integrity

Package source and release, integrity verification:

Package maker:

Extract the signature of the package

Encrypt (sign) the signature with your own private key

Put the signature into the package on the Internet

Users:

Use the public key to verify the legitimacy and integrity of the package source

Verify:

Automatic verification during installation

Manual verification: rpm-K PACHAGE-FILE

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