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The router gateway refers to the IP of the router, which is essentially the IP address of one network to other networks. The IP address of the gateway is the IP address of the device with routing function. The devices with routing function include router, server with routing protocol enabled (essentially equivalent to a router), proxy server (also equivalent to a router).

Gateway (Gateway) is also called inter-network connector and protocol converter. The default gateway implements network interconnection above the network layer and is the most complex network interconnection device, which is only used for the interconnection of two networks with different high-level protocols. The structure of the gateway is similar to that of the router, except for the interconnection layer. Gateways can be used for both WAN interconnection and local area network interconnection.

Explanation: due to historical reasons, many literatures about TCP/IP once called the router used in the network layer as the gateway. Today, many Lans use routing to access the network, so the gateway usually refers to the IP of the router!

In OSI, there are two kinds of gateways: one is connection-oriented gateway, the other is connectionless gateway. When there is a certain distance between two subnets, a gateway is often divided into two halves, and the middle is connected by a link, which is called a semi-gateway.

According to different classification standards, there are many kinds of gateways. The gateway in the TCP/IP protocol is the most commonly used, and the "gateway" we are talking about here refers to the gateway under the TCP/IP protocol.

So what exactly is a gateway?

A gateway is essentially an IP address from one network to other networks. For example, there are network An and network B. the IP address range of network An is "192.168.1.1" 192. 168.1.254 "with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, and the IP address range of network B is" 192.168.2.1 "192.168.2.254" with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

Without a router, there is no TCP/IP communication between the two networks. Even if the two networks are connected to the same switch (or hub), the TCP/IP protocol will determine that the hosts in the two networks are in different networks according to the result of the "and" operation between the subnet mask (255.255.255.0) and the IP address of the host.

In order to realize the communication between the two networks, it must be through the gateway. If the host in network A finds that the destination host of the packet is not in the local network, it forwards the packet to its own gateway, which forwards it to the gateway of network B. the gateway of network B then forwards it to a host of network B (as shown in the attached figure). The process by which network A forwards packets to network B.

Therefore, only by setting the IP address of the gateway can TCP/IP protocol realize the communication between different networks.

So which machine's IP address is this IP address? The IP address of the gateway is the IP address of the device with routing function. The devices with routing function include router, server with routing protocol enabled (essentially equivalent to a router), proxy server (also equivalent to a router).

In the context of interacting with the Novell NetWare network, the server information block (SMB) protocol used by the gateway in the Windows network and the NetWare core protocol (NCP) used in the NetWare network act as a bridge. Gateways are also known as IP routers.

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