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This article mainly explains "what is the mainstream architecture of Linux". The content of the explanation is simple and clear, and it is easy to learn and understand. Please follow the editor's train of thought to study and learn what the mainstream architecture of Linux is.

The most widely used mainstream website architecture under Linux:

LVS+KEEPALIVED (heartbeat) + Squid+Nginx/Apache+JAVA/PHP

+ MySQL/MariaDB, etc., share a simple topology diagram for your experimental reference.

Generally speaking, the website is divided into four layers, which are front-end load balancing, intermediate agent, back-end service and database layer.

Of course, in addition to this overall process, different companies also expand a lot of things, a variety of systems are constantly added to this architecture, forming a very large and complex system. Then we need to pay attention to the details of each level of operation and maintenance personnel:

1) LVS load balancing layer

LVS load balancer layer is mainly used to resist heavy traffic and forward data. Generally, it is forwarded based on TCP/IP layer-4 protocol, and the forwarding methods used in different internal environments are also different. Usually, DR mode is more efficient. With the combination of LVS+keepalived, you can use keepalived to manage our entire configuration file, making it simple and practical to be responsible for balancing. You can check whether the back-end Nginx or Squid service is normal or not by various plans.

Simple working principle of LVS: the user requests LVS VIP,LVS to forward the request to the back-end server according to the forwarding mode and algorithm, and the back-end server receives the request and returns it to the user. For users, there is no specific application of the WEB backend.

In maintaining LVS, operation and maintenance personnel need to pay close attention to the current number of forwarded connections in LVS and the system LVS log. Monitor the situation of VIP, real IP and the number of connections through the monitoring platform.

2) Nginx reverse proxy layer

Nginx is the mainstream high-performance WEB server at present. Because of its very good stability, rich feature set, sample configuration files and low consumption of system resources, Nginx is developing very fast.

Nginx is mainly based on layer 7 applications, which can forward various rules and reverse proxy our back-end JAVA and PHP dynamic servers. At the same time, the ability of Nginx itself to deal with static pages is officially concurrent 5w/s. At the same time, Nginx can also be used as a cache server to store our static page cache, which is comparable to squid.

As IT operators in daily operation and maintenance, they need to pay attention to the overall operation of the website for a long time, analyze the bottleneck of the website, constantly optimize the relevant parameters of Nginx, and ensure whether there are any anomalies in the connection between Nginx and back-end services.

3) backend service layer

The backend stores our real website and backend services, through front-end Nnginx calls, common back-end service parsing software, if it is jsp language, containers are Tomcat, Resin, Weblogic and so on.

If it is a PHP program, we need to install the PHP environment to parse the php code, and then provide access to the user through the front-end Nginx reverse proxy.

In the daily operation and maintenance, we need to pay attention to the monitoring of the back-end service layer and the number of connections, pay attention to and monitor the normal back-end services in real time, configure multiple instances and redundant cases.

4) Database layer

At present, the mainstream Internet databases are Mysql, Mariadb, mongodb, Oracle and so on, for the database is the core layer of the whole architecture, and data is the foundation of enterprise survival, so the structure and maintenance of the database is also very important. Medium and large Internet companies have their own full-time DBA personnel responsible for the operation and maintenance of Mysql.

When maintaining the database, IT operation and maintenance personnel need to pay close attention to the changes of database concurrency and connection pool, pay attention to the changes of database master-slave, read-write separation status and logs, and formulate a complete backup mechanism to complete database backup, and deal with any problems in time.

Thank you for your reading, the above is the content of "what is the mainstream architecture of Linux?" after the study of this article, I believe you have a deeper understanding of what the mainstream architecture of Linux has, and the specific use needs to be verified in practice. Here is, the editor will push for you more related knowledge points of the article, welcome to follow!

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