Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Introduction to Linux

Linux is the general name of a kind of Unix computer operating system. The kernel of the Linux operating system is also called "Linux". The Linux operating system is also the most famous example of the development of free software and open source. Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself only refers to the Linux kernel, but in practice people have become accustomed to using Linux to describe the entire Linux kernel and use GNU to project operating systems with various tools and databases. Linux gets its name from computer amateur Linus Torvalds.

Linux is now a very popular server in the industry, today we will introduce in detail the installation steps of Linux and the optimization after installation.

Installation of Linux

To install Linux, we first need to download the Linux.

Download address: http://m.xitongzhijia.net/channel/233/

First we need to open VMware to create a new virtual machine.

Next, the installation wizard for the new virtual machine pops up, allowing us to configure the new virtual machine. First of all, we choose to customize the configuration, and then move on to the next step.

This step is to prevent BUG in the future because the version is not compatible, so here we choose the latest compatible version.

This step requires us to choose which method to install the system, here we do not choose, wait until the virtual machine configuration is completed before the system installation.

Since we chose to install it later in the previous step, the system does not recognize which system we are going to install, so we need to choose it manually.

In this step, we need to name the virtual machine to be installed and select the installation path. When choosing the installation path, we'd better create a new folder to store the virtual machine. This will make it easier for us to delete the virtual machine later after we do not need it. Finally, it is important to make sure that Chinese does not appear in the installation path.

In the choice of the number of processors, we have to consider the configuration of the host, but fortunately, Linux does not take up resources one-core processor is enough.

When configuring memory for virtual machines, the configuration of the host should also be taken into account. Here, we generally recommend that 2GB is sufficient.

When configuring the network, we choose to share the IP with the host, because the virtual machine also exists separately and needs to communicate with the outside world through the network.

We can choose the one recommended by the installation wizard in terms of the Icano interface.

Here we need to choose the type of disk we want to install, and here we can choose the SCSI recommended by the installation wizard.

This is our newly created virtual machine, so we chose to create a new virtual disk in disk selection.

After the creation of the disk, we need to give the disk a capacity, in order to ensure that the memory of the virtual machine is enough to use, here we give it 40g of memory.

After all, it is only a virtual disk. We also need to have a storage path for the virtual disk. It is recommended to store it together with the folder where the virtual machine is located for easy management. You also need to be careful that Chinese does not appear in the installation path.

At this point, our basic configuration of the virtual machine is complete.

Next, we need to optimize and configure the hardware. First of all, our two unwanted hardware, the sound card and the printer, are removed from the virtual machine to prevent the occupation of unnecessary resources.

The last step before installation is to put the installation path of the system in the optical drive of the virtual machine.

After that, we can install the system. First, we open the home page of VMware to open the virtual machine that has just been installed.

After starting the virtual machine, the following interface pops up, and here we choose the first one to install the system.

After the system installation starts, the following window will pop up for us to simply configure the system. First of all, we need to change the system language to Chinese.

Next we have to modify the software selection, because we are still in the beginner stage, but after the minimum installation option, everything needs to be reconfigured and installed by ourselves, so it is not suitable for us.

When we re-select, we select the desktop option, and then we click finish.

Next we need to partition the disk.

After clicking in, we select I want to configure the partition, and then click finish.

After that, the manual partition interface pops up, where we choose to add a new mount point to partition the disk.

First of all, we want to add the first and most important mount point / (root mount point) of Linux and give it an appropriate amount of memory.

The next mount point we want to add is the virtual disk.

The third mount point to add is the boot partition of our system, which is used to store the startup items of our system.

The last thing we need to add is our home directory mount point, which is used to store our users and other information.

When the disk partition configuration is complete, we click finish.

Then the following window pops up, and then we choose to accept to complete the partition of the disk and exit the current interface.

There is nothing else we need to configure, so we can click to start the installation.

Then we go to the user settings interface and click the root password to set the password for the administrator. Then the system began to be installed.

When the Centos installation is complete, we also need to restart to activate the previous configuration.

After rebooting, we will enter the initial setup of the system, and the first thing we need to complete is to install the agreement that the system has to agree to.

Next we also need to create a new user for the system.

On this page we need to set the user name and user password.

Our next operation requires high privileges, so here we choose the administrator user root.

As this is the first time to log in, so we also need to operate the language to choose, of course, here we choose Chinese.

The window here requires us to choose the keyboard layout or other input methods, we also choose the keyboard layout.

Here is to ask whether we use these software accounts to log in, here I do not have an account, so choose to skip, there is no impact on our normal use of Linux.

Click start to use and we will officially enter the Linux interface.

After entering Linux, we will find that even though our network adapter chooses NAT mode, it is still unable to surf the Internet. This is where we need to optimize the network configuration of Linux.

Right-click the desktop to enter terminal mode.

After entering terminal mode, enter the command "vim / ect/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33" to find the location of the virtual network card.

When we entered the location of the network card, we found that we could not make changes, and then we clicked on "I"

You can modify what you want to change.

At this point, we change the final "no" to "yes", and after the modification, our virtual machine can connect to the network.

This is when we modify and want to save and exit, we can type ": wq" in the interface and then save and exit. Where "w" is saved and "Q" is exit.

After the modification is completed, we also need to restart the network service for the modification result to take effect.

At this time, we need to query the IP address of the virtual machine again. It should be noted that the command of Linux to query IP is different from that of Windows system. The command of Linux is "ifconfig". After querying, we found that the virtual machine already has an IP address, which in theory should be able to access the network. But the real situation still needs to be verified.

After our verification, we confirm that the modified virtual machine can indeed access the network.

Remote operation of Xshell

In reality, we may not be able to operate the server directly for various reasons, so we need to learn to manipulate the server remotely. The remote operation tool we choose here is Xshell.

Xshell [1] is a powerful security terminal emulation software that supports SSH1, SSH2, and TELNET protocols on the Microsoft Windows platform. Xshell's secure connection to remote hosts through the Internet and its innovative design and features help users enjoy their work in a complex network environment.

Xshell can be used to access servers under different remote systems under the Windows interface, so as to achieve the purpose of remote control terminal. In addition, it also has a rich appearance color scheme and style selection.

To install xshell, just follow the installation wizard and click next, so we won't go into details here.

Connect to the server remotely using xshell

First of all, let's click xshell to select a new session.

After entering the new session, we have to modify some of its properties, first of all, we have to enter the name and IP address of the server we want to connect to, so that we can find the server.

Next, we want to optimize the terminal, first of all, the coding type must choose UTF-8, here we can directly choose the default mode.

Write it down is the optimization of the keyboard, in order to prevent garbled when using here we choose ASCLL on both sides.

Next we also need to optimize the appearance, the first is the color scheme we choose our own preferences, and then the font format, we choose Consolas, which can help us to distinguish between Chinese and English punctuation marks, the font size is suitable for us.

At this point, we have configured the new session, and clicking on the connection will bring up the following window, where we choose to accept and save, so that we no longer need to enter the key again the next time we connect.

Then the following window pops up, requiring us to enter the user name and password of the server to which we want to connect. After entering, be sure to check the user name and computer password, so that we can connect directly the next time we connect to this device.

At this point, we can enter the xshell interface, and we will find that the xshell interface is the same as the terminal interface of our server.

At this time, we type "ifconfig" in the xshell interface, and we will find that we can also find the IP address of the virtual machine, indicating that xshell has been indirectly successful with the server.

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