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小编给大家分享一下Java单元测试Powermockito和Mockito使用的示例分析，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后都有所收获，下面让我们一起去探讨吧!

依赖引入

org.mockito mockito-core 2.8.9 test org.powermock powermock-module-junit4 1.7.4 test org.powermock powermock-api-mockito2 1.7.4 testPowerMockito的使用

Mockito、EasyMock、JMock等比较流行Mock框架有个共同的缺点，都不能mock静态、final、私有方法等，而PowerMock可以完美解决以上框架的不足，接下来让我们看看无所不能的PowerMock是如何解决上述问题，我们先从一个实例来看，下面的代码是需要单测的类，被测类中既有对Spring Bean的调用，同时又包含对Redis的静态读取，另外还有getInstance()单例类的使用，现在，我们一一来mock上述的外部类。

被单测类（主要测试queryStudentScoreByKeyword方法）

@Componentpublic class StudentService { @Resource private StudentDao studentDao; public List queryStudentScoreByKeyword(String name) { System.out.println("invoke StudentService.queryStudentScoreByKeyword ..."); List cacheList = RedisUtils.getArray(name, StudentBo.class); if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(cacheList)) { return cacheList; } String keyword = processKeyword(name); List students = studentDao.queryStudentByKeyWord(keyword); List ids = students.stream().map(Student::getId).collect(Collectors.toList()); List personList = SchoolManageProxy.getInstance().queryPerson(ids); List studentBos = CommonUtils.toBo(personList, students); // 高亮结果 highlightResult(studentBos, name); // 缓存到Redis RedisUtils.setArray(name, studentBos, 10 * 60); return studentBos; } private String processKeyword(String name) { System.out.println("invoke StudentService.processKeyword ..."); String newName = name; // do somethings return newName; } private void highlightResult(List result, String name) { System.out.println("invoke StudentService.highlightResult ..."); // do keyword highlight }}

单测类

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)@PrepareForTest({SchoolManageProxy.class, RedisUtils.class, StudentService.class})// @PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "javax.net.ssl.*"})@SuppressStaticInitializationFor({"cn.ganzhiqiang.ares.unittest.SchoolManageProxy"})public class StudentServiceTest { @Mock private StudentDao mockStudentDao; @InjectMocks private StudentService studentServiceUnderTest; @Before public void setUp() { initMocks(this); } @Test public void testQueryStudentScoreByKeyword() throws Exception { studentServiceUnderTest = PowerMockito.spy(studentServiceUnderTest); PowerMockito.mockStatic(RedisUtils.class); PowerMockito.mockStatic(SchoolManageProxy.class); // mock单例调用 SchoolManageProxy mockSchoolManageProxy = PowerMockito.mock(SchoolManageProxy.class); PowerMockito.when(SchoolManageProxy.getInstance()).thenReturn(mockSchoolManageProxy); when(mockSchoolManageProxy.queryPerson(anyList())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList()); // mock掉对Redis的静态调用 PowerMockito.when(RedisUtils.getArray(eq("tom"), eq(StudentBo.class))).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList()); // 显示的mock掉静态的void的方法（可以不mock） PowerMockito.doNothing().when(RedisUtils.class, "setArray", anyString(), anyList(), anyInt()); // mock私有方法processKeyword PowerMockito.doReturn("tom").when(studentServiceUnderTest, "processKeyword", anyString()); // 跳过私有方法highlightResult的执行 PowerMockito.suppress(PowerMockito.method(StudentService.class, "highlightResult")); // 使用Mockito来mock服务的调用 when(mockStudentDao.queryStudentByKeyWord(anyString())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList()); // Run the test final List result = studentServiceUnderTest.queryStudentScoreByKeyword("tom"); }}使用mockito来mock实例

首选我们先用Mockito来mock对Spring Bean的调用，Mockito.mock可以mock一个实例，我们这里选用@Mock注解，效果是一样的。

// 使用Mockito来mock服务的调用 when(mockStudentDao.queryStudentByKeyWord(anyString())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());mock对Redis的静态调用

接下来我们使用PowerMock来mock对静态方法的调用，注意需要将RedisUtils类，加入@PrepareForTest注解中，我们既mock了getArray方法，也mock了setArray方法，其实setArray不需要mock这里显式的mock了

PowerMockito.mockStatic(RedisUtils.class);// mock掉对Redis的静态调用PowerMockito.when(RedisUtils.getArray(eq("tom"), eq(StudentBo.class))).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());// 显式的mock掉静态的void的方法（可以不mock）PowerMockito.doNothing().when(RedisUtils.class, "setArray", anyString(), anyList(), anyInt());mock单例类

mock单例类相对来说复杂一点，逻辑上先用Powermock mock出单例类，然后再给单例类的getInstance方法打桩，返回之前mock，再对mock类实际调用的方法打桩即可，代码如下

PowerMockito.mockStatic(SchoolManageProxy.class);// Powermock mock出单例类SchoolManageProxy mockSchoolManageProxy = PowerMockito.mock(SchoolManageProxy.class);// 给单例类的getInstance方法打桩PowerMockito.when(SchoolManageProxy.getInstance()).thenReturn(mockSchoolManageProxy);// 对mock类queryPerson的方法打桩when(mockSchoolManageProxy.queryPerson(anyList())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());mock私有方法

可以看到queryStudentScoreByKeyword方法调用了该类的私有方法processKeyword，如果该方法耗时过长，使用powermock也可以mock该私有方法，需要注意的studentServiceUnderTest需要用spy()来mock

// mock 实例// spy的标准是：如果不打桩，默认执行真实的方法，如果打桩则返回桩实现。studentServiceUnderTest = PowerMockito.spy(studentServiceUnderTest);// mock私有方法processKeyword// doReturn(...) when(...)不做真实调用，但是when(...) thenReturn(...)还是会真实调用原方法，只是返回了指定的结果PowerMockito.doReturn("tom").when(studentServiceUnderTest, "processKeyword", anyString());PowerMock跳过方法执行

使用PowerMock也可以跳过私有方法的执行

// 跳过私有方法highlightResult的执行PowerMockito.suppress(PowerMockito.method(StudentService.class, "highlightResult"));看完了这篇文章，相信你对"Java单元测试Powermockito和Mockito使用的示例分析"有了一定的了解，如果想了解更多相关知识，欢迎关注行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读!

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