Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

Linux is a free, free, open source operating system.

Linux was originally developed by Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Later, more and more enthusiasts were added to participate in the improvement, forming the current Linux operating system.

I. the characteristics of Linux

Open, multi-user, multi-task, rich network functions, reliable system security, good portability, standard compatibility, good user interface (command interface, graphical interface, etc.), excellent speed performance

II. The composition of Linux

Kernel: the heart of the system, the core program that runs programs and manages hardware devices such as disks and printers.

Shell: the user interface of the system, which provides an interface between the user and the kernel. It receives the command entered by the user and sends it to the kernel for execution. It is a command interpreter. But it makes not only the command interpreter, but also the high-level programming language, shell programming.

File system: a file system is a method of organizing files on storage devices such as disks. Linux supports a variety of file systems, such as ext2, ext3, ext4, NFS,SMB,iso9660, etc.

Applications: the standard Linux operating system will have a set of applications such as Xmuri Windowand Open Office, etc.

III. Linux version

Distribution: some vendors package the Linux kernel with application software and documentation, and provide a collection of software packages with installation interfaces and system settings management tools, such as RedHat,Debian,Ubuntu, Novell/SuSE, etc. The Ubuntu version number consists of the year and month of the release, which is released every six months. It was first released in October 2004, so this version is 4.10. It was released on April 23, 2009, so the version number is 9.04.

RedHat: more applications to servers

Ubuntu: more applications for personal desktops

IV. The Development and Future of Linux

Now many companies are using Linux operating system, Linux operating system from desktop to server, from operating system to embedded system, from scattered applications to the whole industry is beginning to take shape. Linux server operating system occupies more and more market share in the whole server operating system market pattern, and forms a large-scale application situation. Android is based on Linux. In fact, android was a branch of Linux at first, but finally found that android changed too many things to merge into the main line of Linux, so Linux separated android and let android develop on its own.

5. Linux directory structure

Bin stores binary executable files (ls,cat,mkdir, etc.)

Boot stores all kinds of files used for system boot

Dev is used to store device files

Etc stores system configuration files

Home root directory where all user files are stored

Lib stores shared libraries and kernel modules needed to run programs in the file system.

The mnt system administrator mounts the temporary file system mount point

Location of optional application packages for additional installation of opt

Proc virtual file system, which holds the mapping of current memory

Root superuser directory

Sbin stores binary executable files, which only root can access

Tmp is used to store all kinds of temporary files

Usr is used to store system applications, the more important directory / usr/local local administrator software installation directory

Var is used to store files that need to change data at run time

Extraneous remarks (open source software)

Daily open source software includes Mysql, PHP, Python, Sphinx, Apache, Samba and so on. There are a large number of open source software, and most of them are concentrated on the server side. Open source software is free to use, and the vast majority of open source software is free. It also has the freedom of research, and the software source code can be obtained. The freedom to distribute and improve can be freely spread, improved, and even sold.

The open source technology that supports the Internet, namely LAMP technology. L stands for Linux (operating system), A for Apache (Web server software), M for Mysql (database software), and P for PHP (programming language).

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