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This article mainly introduces the analysis of the historical process of computer development, the introduction in the article is very detailed, has a certain reference value, interested friends must read it!

The history of computer development: 1, the first generation of tube computers, using tubes as components; 2, the second generation of transistor computers, using transistors as components; 3, the third generation of medium-and small-scale integrated circuit computers, using medium and small-scale integrated circuits as components; 4, the fourth generation of large-scale integrated circuit computers, using large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits as components.

The operating environment of this tutorial: windows7 system, Dell G3 computer.

1. The first generation computer (1946-1958)

The main feature of the first generation of computers is the use of tubes as logic components, so the first generation of computers are usually called tube computers. Mercury delay line or cathode ray tube is used as main memory, magnetic drum is used as auxiliary storage, paper tape, card and magnetic tape are used for input and output, and program is written in machine language and assembly language. This generation of computers is mainly used for military purposes and scientific research. It is bulky, bulky, high power consumption, poor reliability, slow speed and difficult maintenance. Its mainstream machine is UNIVAC.

2. Second-generation computers (1959-1964)

The hardware of the second generation computer uses transistors as logic elements, which is smaller in size but more functional. This generation of computers are also known as transistor computers. The auxiliary memory adopts ferrite core, magnetic drum and disk, and begins to write programs in high-level languages (FORTRAN, COBOL, ALCOL, etc.), and management programs appear. The computer at this stage enables inputs, outputs and operations to be carried out "synchronously". The application of computer has expanded from military field and scientific computing to data processing and transaction processing. It has the advantages of reduced volume, reduced weight, reduced power consumption, faster speed and enhanced reliability. Its mainstream model is IBMT00 series.

3. The third generation computer (1965-1970)

The hardware of the third generation computer uses medium-and small-scale integrated circuits instead of discrete component transistors, so it is also known as medium-and small-scale integrated circuit computers. The use of microprogram technology and pipeline technology has improved the flexibility and running speed of the computer; the software management program has been developed into an operating system, and diagnostic programs have appeared. Computers in this period are mainly used for scientific computing, data processing and process control. Due to the reduction of the size of the components and the enhancement of the function, the volume and weight of the computer are further reduced, and the operation speed and reliability are further improved. The mainstream product at this stage is IBM-svsteIn/360.

4. The fourth generation computer (1971-present)

The hardware part of the fourth generation computer uses large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits as logic elements, semiconductor memory as the main memory, auxiliary memory uses large-capacity soft and hard disks, and begins to introduce optical discs. External equipment has also been greatly developed. The software is more abundant, and the database management system has appeared, and the software industry has developed into a new modern industrial sector. The volume, capacity and power consumption of the computer have been further reduced, and the computing speed, storage capacity and reliability have been greatly improved. The emergence of microcomputers began to form a network.

The above is all the contents of this article "Analysis of the Historical process of computer Development". Thank you for reading! Hope to share the content to help you, more related knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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