Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

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One of the cores of the development of science and technology lies in the number and level of R & D talents, which depends on the national talent training system, that is, the education system. A sound education system can provide a strong supply of large-scale professionals and researchers for the development of science and technology.

Global distribution of AI universities: the number of American universities is 7 times higher than that of China.

At present, there are 367 universities with artificial intelligence research direction in the world, and there are about 100000 talents in the field of AI. Among them, there are more than 6000 scholars in the field of AI and more than 70, 000 AI-related majors. Every year, there are about 20, 000 AI graduates with master's degree in related fields.

Of the 367 colleges and universities, the United States has 168, accounting for 45.7 percent of the world, ranking first, while Canada, China, India and the United Kingdom are in the second echelon.

The United States occupies 14 of the top 20 schools in the world in the field of artificial intelligence, and the top eight seats are occupied by the United States. Strong academic research strength has helped the United States to achieve a second to none position in the field of artificial intelligence. However, there is a huge gap between other countries and the United States in academic ability, so it is worth thinking about how to develop AI education.

The establishment of AI major in colleges and universities: China started late, but its development is weak.

Majors related to the field of artificial intelligence include computer science, electronic engineering, automation, software engineering, etc., all of which belong to the first-tier discipline of engineering. The departments of computer, electronics and automation in many colleges and universities in China have carried out academic research in the field of artificial intelligence.

For example, the teachers of artificial intelligence in Tsinghua University are mainly concentrated in engineering departments such as the computer Department, the Institute of Cross-Information, the School of Software and the Department of Automation, while the faculties and departments in the field of artificial intelligence in Peking University are mainly the School of Information Science and Technology. China's universities with artificial intelligence research direction and their related institutions are shown in the table below.

Similar to domestic universities, most foreign universities also set artificial intelligence in the professional direction of computer department, electronic engineering department or automation department. Among them, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cornell University, Stanford University, Carnegie Mellon University, the University of California, Berkeley and other universities also have artificial intelligence laboratories. However, artificial intelligence majors in some foreign universities are closely related to cognitive science. At the University of Pennsylvania, for example, AI students can study for a double degree in computer science and cognitive science. At the Rensselaer Institute of Technology, the artificial intelligence discipline is part of cognitive science, and the famous Rensselaer artificial Intelligence and reasoning Laboratory is also set up here.

Compared with foreign universities, the AI of domestic universities starts relatively late.

For example, MIT's computer laboratory was founded in 1963, artificial intelligence laboratory was founded in 1959, and the two laboratories were formally merged into MIT artificial intelligence laboratory CSAIL (Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory) in 2003. Today, it has become the largest laboratory in MIT. The artificial intelligence laboratory of Stanford University was founded in 1962 and has been promoting artificial intelligence education for more than 50 years. Carnegie Mellon University established the Robotics Institute in 1979, specializing in practice and research in the field of robotics. The State key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems of Tsinghua University was formally established in 1990. It is one of the first national key laboratories and the only one named after artificial intelligence.

In foreign countries, some universities also set up artificial intelligence-related majors, such as artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction in Stanford computer School, computer Vision and Robotics in CMU computer School.

However, there are few majors directly named after artificial intelligence in China. In this regard, first-level disciplines and second-level disciplines in the field of artificial intelligence can be added in China to speed up discipline construction and enhance personnel training. Recently, the "New Generation artificial Intelligence Development Plan" issued by the State Council pointed out that it is necessary to "improve the discipline layout in the field of artificial intelligence, set up artificial intelligence majors, promote the construction of first-level disciplines in the field of artificial intelligence, establish artificial intelligence colleges in pilot colleges and universities as soon as possible, and increase the number of doctoral and master's degree students in artificial intelligence-related disciplines." In 2017, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics announced the establishment of the country's first artificial intelligence major in its software school, a precedent in China.

The enrollment of AI majors in Colleges and Universities: attention should be paid to the quality of Science and Comprehensive Evaluation

● abroad: pay attention to the quality of science and comprehensive evaluation

When recruiting undergraduate students, universities at home and abroad will put forward requirements for students' high school curriculum scores and categories, and pay attention to science courses, such as mathematics, physics and so on.

Take the undergraduate enrollment of Carnegie Mellon University, a top university of artificial intelligence, as an example, which requires students to take four years of English, four years of mathematics, one year of physics, two years of chemical biology or computer science, two years of foreign languages and three electives. In China, most of them take the results of the college entrance examination as the admission standard, and science candidates are generally admitted, and some students are admitted by way of escort.

When recruiting graduate students in colleges and universities, they pay more attention to their academic ability and practical ability.

Different curriculum standards are different, for example, the Master of Engineering (domestic professional master) focuses on practical application to prepare for employment, while the Master of Science (domestic academic master) and doctor of philosophy put more emphasis on academic research ability. In addition to the basic achievement requirements, most students are required to have good internship experience or paper publication. While applying for AI-related majors, most of them need a tough computer and math-related background, and even require experience in AI projects.

● China: score success or failure, lack of practice is biased

Domestic undergraduate enrollment is mainly through the college entrance examination. Judging students' ability only by test scores, there is not a set of clear screening criteria for ability tendency.

As for the enrollment of graduate students, there are professional masters and academic masters in our country, with the former focusing on employment and the latter focusing on scientific research. The ways of enrollment for graduate students include recommended exemption from the examination and unified examination. The former is evaluated according to students' undergraduate scores, awards and interview performance, while the latter decides whether to be admitted or not through cultural examinations and interviews. However, there is still a big gap with the foreign selection standards.

AI Curriculum Design in Colleges and Universities: computer Science is the Foundation

● abroad: perfect system, interdisciplinary intensive cultivation

Generally speaking, the majors involved in artificial intelligence are computer science, electronic engineering, automation, software engineering and so on.

For undergraduates, the main courses include mathematics and computer courses, such as basic programming languages, algorithm design, operating systems, data structures, logic, probability theory and mathematical statistics. At the same time, some basic courses in the field of AI are available for undergraduates. For example, the undergraduate courses of Carnegie Mellon University mainly include: computer science, mathematics and probability theory, engineering and natural sciences, humanities and social sciences. The required courses are as follows:

The curriculum of master's degree will be more focused on the subdivision of areas. And master's degree courses are generally more flexible, students can make their own course schedule according to their own situation. For example, Carnegie Mellon University's master's degree courses include artificial intelligence, biological computing, computer and network security, human-computer interaction, information management and analysis, mobile and Internet computing, practical computing, software theory, systems, theoretical computer science, robots, etc.

● domestic: lack of system and serious shortage of teachers

Chinese universities generally have computer science colleges and software schools in the field of AI.

In the training mode, the former combines software and hardware with emphasis on research, while the latter focuses on software and side application. The differences between the two are as follows:

At the same time, the two are cross-integrated in the field of computer technology.

Take Peking University as an example, the curriculum design in the field of artificial intelligence includes computer technology, software engineering, microelectronics, automation and other software and hardware. However, vertically, a systematic curriculum training system has not been formed, which is disadvantageous to the growth of students and the long-term development of the school.

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