Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

In this issue, the editor will bring you about how to configure Nginx+Tomcat load balancing and dynamic separation. The article is rich in content and analyzes and describes for you from a professional point of view. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

Nginx application Nginx is a very excellent HTTP server software.

Support responses of up to 50000 concurrent connections

Have strong static resource processing ability

Stable operation

The consumption of memory, CPU and other system resources is very low

At present, many large websites use Nginx server as the reverse proxy and load balancer of back-end website programs to improve the load concurrency ability of the whole site.

Nginx load balancing implementation principle Nginx configuration reverse proxy main parameters upstream service pool name {}

Configure the backend server pool to provide response data

Proxy_ _ pass http:// service pool name

Configure server processing that forwards access requests to the backend server pool

Advantages of Nginx static processing

The efficiency of Nginx in dealing with static pages is much higher than that of Tomcat.

If the number of requests for Tomcat is 1000, the number of requests for Nginx is 6000

The throughput of Tomcat is 0.6m per second. The throughput of Nginx is 3.6m.

The ability of Nginx to handle static resources is 6 times higher than that of Tomcat, which shows the advantage.

Principle of static and dynamic separation

When the server receives the request from the client, there are both static and dynamic resources.

Experimental environment: Nginx server: 192.168.52.135Tomcat server 1:192.168.52.134Tomcat server 21:192.168.52.134Tomcat 192.168.52.1501, share the toolkit needed for the experiment from the host

Load balancing configuration: first, build Tomcat server 11, Install JDK [root @ tomcat1 ~] # mkdir / mnt/tools/ / create a mount directory [root@tomcat1 ~] # mount.cifs / / 192.168.100.100/tools / mnt/tools/ mount the shared toolkit Password for root@//192.168.100.100/tools: [root@tomcat1 ~] # cd / mnt/tools/tomcat/ change to the mount directory [root] # ls12D18CFCD6599AFF0445766ACC4CA231C5025773.torrent apache-jmeter-5. 1.zip jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpmapache-jmeter-5.1 apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz tomcat optimized stress testing. JMX [root@tomcat1 tomcat] # [root@tomcat1 tomcat] # rpm-ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm / / directly install rpm package 2, Configure environment variable [root@tomcat1 tomcat] # cd / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/ switch directory [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # vim / etc/profile / / modify system environment variable file # # add environment variable export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jarexport PATH=$JAVA at the end of the file _ HOME/bin:$PATH [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # source / etc/profile / / Reload the configuration file [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # java-version / / View version java version "1.8.0o201" Java (TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09) Java HotSpot (TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09 Mixed mode) [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # 3, Configure Tomcat [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # cd / mnt/tools/tomcat/ switch to the mount directory [root@tomcat1 tomcat] # tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz-C / opt/ extract to the "/ opt/" directory [root@tomcat1 tomcat] # mv / opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ / usr/local/tomcat9 / / move to the "/ usr/local/" directory Record and rename [root@tomcat1 bin] # ln-s / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/startup.sh / usr/bin/ establish a soft link to a startup script [root@tomcat1 bin] # ln-s / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/shutdown.sh / usr/bin/ create a soft link to a shutdown script [root@tomcat1 bin] # [root@tomcat1 bin] # startup.sh / / Open the Tomcat service Using CATALINA_BASE: / usr / local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_HOME: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: / usr/local/tomcat9/tempUsing JRE_HOME: / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64Using CLASSPATH: / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jarTomcat started. [root@tomcat1 bin] # [root@tomcat1 bin] # netstat-ntap | grep 8080 / / View port tcp6 0 0:: 8080:: * LISTEN 19488/java [root@tomcat1 bin] # [root@tomcat1 bin] # systemctl stop firewalld.service / / turn off firewall [root@tomcat1 bin] # setenforce 0 / / turn off enhanced security [root@tomcat1 bin] # 4, Test access

5. Add site and home file [root@tomcat1 bin] # mkdir-pv / web/webapp1/ / create site directory mkdir: created directory "/ web" mkdir: created directory "/ web/webapp1" [root@tomcat1 bin] # vim / web/webapp1/index.jsp / / add home page file JSP test1 page 6, Modify Tomcat configuration file [root@tomcat1 bin] # cd.. / conf/ change directory [root@tomcat1 conf] # vim server.xml / / modify configuration file # # in the Host tag Add the following [root@tomcat1 conf] # shutdown.sh / / close the service Using CATALINA_BASE: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_HOME: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: / usr/local/tomcat9/tempUsing JRE_HOME: / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64Using CLASSPATH: / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/ Tomcat-juli.jar [root@tomcat1 conf] # startup.sh / / enable the service Using CATALINA_BASE: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_HOME: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: / usr/local/tomcat9/tempUsing JRE_HOME: / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64Using CLASSPATH: / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jarTomcat started. [root@tomcat1 conf] # 7, Test access to the website

Second, set up Tomcat server 21. Install JDK [root @ tomcat2 ~] # mkdir / mnt/tools/ / create a mount directory [root@tomcat2 ~] # mount.cifs / / 192.168.100.100/tools / mnt/tools/ mount the shared toolkit Password for root@//192.168.100.100/tools: [root@tomcat2 ~] # cd / mnt/tools/tomcat/ switch to the mount directory [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # rpm-ivh jdk-8u201-linux- X64.rpm / / directly install rpm package 2. Configure environment variable [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # cd / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/ switch directory [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # vim / etc/profile / / modify system environment variable file # # add environment variable export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jarexport PATH=$JAVA at the end of the file _ HOME/bin:$PATH [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # source / etc/profile / / Reload the configuration file [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # java-version / / View version java version "1.8.0o201" Java (TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09) Java HotSpot (TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09 Mixed mode) [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # 3, Configure Tomcat [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64] # cd / mnt/tools/tomcat/ switch to the mount directory [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz-C / opt/ extract to the "/ opt/" directory [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # mv / opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ / usr/local/tomcat9 / / move to the "/ usr/local/" directory Record and rename [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # ln-s / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/startup.sh / usr/bin/ establish a soft link to a startup script [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # ln-s / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/shutdown.sh / usr/bin/ create a soft link to a shutdown script [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # startup.sh / / enable service Using CATALINA_BASE: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_HOME: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: / usr/local/tomcat9/tempUsing JRE_HOME: / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64Using CLASSPATH: / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jarTomcat started. [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # netstat-ntap | grep 8080 / / View port tcp6 0 0:: 8080:: : * LISTEN 52941/java [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # systemctl stop firewalld.service / / turn off the firewall [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # setenforce 0 / / disable the enhanced security function [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # 4, Check access

5. Add site and home file [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # mkdir-pv / web/webapp1/ / create site directory mkdir: created directory "/ web" mkdir: created directory "/ web/webapp1" [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # vim / web/webapp1/index.jsp / / add home page file JSP test1 page 6, Modify Tomcat configuration file [root@tomcat2 tomcat] # cd / usr/local/tomcat9/conf/ change directory [root@tomcat2 conf] # vim server.xml / / modify configuration file # # in the Host tag Add the following [root@tomcat2 conf] # shutdown.sh / / close the service Using CATALINA_BASE: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_HOME: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: / usr/local/tomcat9/tempUsing JRE_HOME: / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64Using CLASSPATH: / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap .jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar [root@tomcat2 conf] # startup.sh / / enable the service Using CATALINA_BASE: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_HOME: / usr/local/tomcat9Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: / usr/local/tomcat9/tempUsing JRE_HOME: / usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64Using CLASSPATH: / usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9 / bin/tomcat-juli.jarTomcat started. [root@tomcat2 conf] # 7 、 Detect the visit site

3. Set up Nginx server 1, install environment package [root@nginx ~] # yum-y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++.// omit process [root@nginx ~] # 2, Decompress the Nginx source package [root@nginx ~] # mkdir / mnt/tools/ / create a mount directory [root@nginx ~] # mount.cifs / / 192.168.100.100/tools / mnt/tools/ mount the shared directory Password for root@//192.168.100.100/tools: [root@nginx ~] # cd / mnt/tools/LNMP/ switch to the mount directory [root@nginx LNMP] # lsDiscuz_X3.4_SC _ UTF8.zip nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz php-7.1.20.tar.gzmysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 [root@nginx LNMP] # tar zxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz-C / opt/ decompress the source package [root@nginx LNMP] # cd / opt/ [root@nginx opt] # lsnginx-1.12.2 rh [root@nginx opt] # 3, Compile and install Nginx service [root@nginx opt] # cd nginx-1.12.2/ switch directory [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # useradd-M-s / sbin/nologin nginx / / create user nginx [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] #. / configure\ / / configure nginx service >-- prefix=/usr/local/nginx\ / / installation path >-- user=nginx\ / / owner > -- group=nginx\ / generic group >-- with-file-aio\ / enable file aio support (an APL file transfer format) >-- with-http_stub_status_module\ / / obtain the working status of nginx since its last startup >-- with-http_gzip_static_module\ / / online real-time compressed output data stream >-- with-http_flv_module\ / / for Flash Video (FLV) ) File provides server-side pseudo-streaming support >-- with-http_ssl_module / / provides necessary support for HTTPS [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # make & & make install4, Nginx service management optimization [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # ln-s / usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx / usr/local/sbin/ establish soft links for nginx commands Make it easy for the system to identify [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # vim / etc/init.d/nginx / / add a management script #! / bin/bash# chkconfig:-99 2 minutes description: Nginx Service Control ScriptPROG= "/ usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" PIDF= "/ usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" case "$1" in start) $PROG ; stop) kill-s QUIT $(cat $PIDF);; restart) $0 stop $0 start;; reload) kill-s HUP $(cat $PIDF) *) echo "Usage: $0 {start | stop | restart | reload}" exit 1esacexit 0 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # chmod + x / etc/init.d/nginx / / add execution permissions to the script [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # chkconfig-- add nginx / / add so that the service tool can recognize [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # service nginx start / / enable the service [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # service nginx stop / / disable the service [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # 5, Modify Nginx service configuration file [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2] # cd / usr/local/nginx/conf/ switch directory [root@nginx conf] # lsfastcgi.conf fastcgi_params.default mime.types nginx.conf.default uwsgi_paramsfastcgi.conf.default koi-utf mime.types.default scgi_params uwsgi_params.defaultfastcgi_params koi-win Nginx.conf scgi_params.default win-utf [root@nginx conf] # vim nginx.conf / / modify configuration file upstream tomcat-server {# # add tomcat server server 192.168.52.134vim nginx.conf 8080 weight=1 Server 192.168.52.150 weight=1; 8080 weight=1;} location / {root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; # # add Agent} [root@nginx conf] # nginx-t / / check the configuration file format nginx: the configuration file / usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file / usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@nginx conf] # [root@nginx conf] # service nginx start / / enable the service [root@nginx conf] # netstat-ntap | grep nginx/ / View Port tcp 00 0.0.0.0 root@nginx conf 80 0.0.0.0 LISTEN 41747/nginx: master [root@nginx conf] # systemctl stop firewalld.service turn off the firewall [root@nginx conf] # setenforce 0 / / turn off the enhanced security function [root@nginx conf] # 4. Check load balancer service 1 and access the IP address of Nginx proxy server

2. Refresh the page and test whether the load is balanced.

(in a production environment, the two pages need to be the same, which is to facilitate the demo to deliberately set up different)

Static and dynamic separation configuration 1, Nginx server configuration 1, modify Nginx service configuration file [root@nginx conf] # vim nginx.conf / / modify configuration file # # No need to modify upstream tomcat-server {server 192.168.52.134root@nginx conf 8080 weight=1; server 192.168.52.150 root@nginx conf 8080 weight=1;} location / {root html Index index.html index.htm; # proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; # # Note} # # add the following content location ~. *. Jsp$ {proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; proxy_set_header Host $host;} location ~. *.\. (gif | jpg | jpeg | png | bmp | swf | css) ${root html; expires 30d 2. Modify the Nginx service homepage file [root@nginx conf] # vim.. / html/index.html / / support Chinese character set static page body {width: 35eme; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;} static page

This is a static page

[root@nginx conf] # service nginx stop [root@nginx conf] # service nginx start [root@nginx conf] # 3, Test Home

Second, Tomcat server 1 configuration to create a new home page file [root@tomcat1 ~] # cd / usr/local/tomcat9/webapps/ switch directory [root@tomcat1 webapps] # lsdocs examples host-manager manager ROOT [root@tomcat1 webapps] # mkdir test/ / create site directory [root@tomcat1 webapps] # cd test/ [root@tomcat1 test] # vim index.jsp / / add home file dynamic page 1 dynamic page 1 Tomcat server 2 configure to create a new home page file [root@tomcat2 ~] # cd / usr/local/tomcat9/webapps/ switch directory [root@tomcat2 webapps] # lsdocs examples host-manager manager ROOT [root@tomcat2 webapps] # mkdir test/ / create site directory [root@tomcat2 webapps] # cd test/ [root@tomcat2 test] # vim / index.jsp / / add home file dynamic page 2 4, test whether the dynamic page can be separated 1, Access dynamic files through the Nginx server IP address

2. Refresh the page and test the load balance

5. Let the Tomcat server call the picture of the Nginx server site 1. Add the picture [root@tomcat1 test] # vim index.jsp dynamic page 1 on the home page of the two Tomcat servers respectively.

/ / just modify this line [root@tomcat2 test] # vim index.jsp dynamic Page 2

/ / just modify this line 2 and add the picture to the specified site of the Nginx server [root@nginx conf] # cd / mnt/tools/ switch to the mount point [root@nginx tools] # mkdir-p / usr/local/nginx/html/test / / create the site directory test Note that it must be the same as the Tomcat site [root@nginx tools] # cp picture.jpg / usr/local/nginx/html/test/ copy the picture to the site [root@nginx tools] # 3, test access

4. Refresh again to test the load balancer

The above is how to configure load balancing and static separation in Nginx+Tomcat shared by Xiaobian. If you happen to have similar doubts, please refer to the above analysis to understand. If you want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel.

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.