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Pin assignment of Beaglebone Black

Most micro development platforms provide input and output ports called GPIO. These ports allow you to use software and hardware to control something electronic, and each port is given a specific function-analog or digital. Most microcontrollers use a pin assignment table to represent the functions of each port.

The Beaglebone Black has two rows of 46-port expansion plugs, labeled P9 and P8, and the default functionality of each port is shown in figure 1.33.

Figure 1.33 expand the port function

Digital GPIO port of Beaglebone

Beaglebone Black is equipped with 65 GPIO ports. These ports are marked as GPIO_xx, as shown in figure 1.34. You can control these port outputs to switch between on and off. You can also use them to detect input to digital devices, such as pressing and releasing button switches.

Note: unlike other microcontroller boards (such as Arduino), the operating voltage of each port of the Beaglebone Black is 3.3V (Arduino is 5V). Any voltage above this level will permanently damage the board.

Figure 1.34 Digital GPIO

Analog port of Beaglebone

Beaglebone Black has seven analog ports, which are marked as AINx, as shown in figure 1.35. These ports are used to detect analog signals from devices such as temperature sensors. Beaglebone Black's built-in 12-bit ADC can convert these analog signals into readable values, that is, mapping 0mm 1.8V to 0mm 4096.

Note: make sure your input voltage does not exceed 1.8V, otherwise the board may be damaged. Port 32 of P9 is a power supply for ADC and its output voltage is 1.8V, while Port 34 of P9 is the corresponding GND.

Figure 1.35 Analog input Port

I2C port of Beaglebone

Beaglebone Black provides two I2C ports, which are labeled I2Cx_SCL and I2Cx_SDA, as shown in figure 1.36.

Figure 1.36 I2C Port

Since the first I2C bus is used to read the EEPROMS on the cape (Beaglebone Black expansion board), it can no longer be used for other digital IO operations, but it can still be used to add other I2C devices. The second I2C bus can be configured and used by you. The characteristic of I2C is that it can access multiple devices on one bus, and the designated device can be clearly located through the address system of I2C.

SPI port of Beaglebone

Beaglebone Black is equipped with two SPI ports, which are located in the location shown in figure 1.37.

Figure 1.37 SPI Port

The SPI port can be used for SPI-compatible devices. SPI is used for synchronous data connections between devices. Because it uses full-duplex mode, the speed of data transmission is faster than I2C, but it also uses more data lines.

ART port of Beaglebone

Beaglebone Black is equipped with five UART ports, which are located in the location shown in figure 1.38.

Figure 1.38 UART Port

In figure 1.38, only the UART port connected to the expansion port is marked. In fact, Beaglebone also has a UART port, which is connected to the 6-pin socket next to P9 (named J1), as shown in figure 1.39.

Figure 1.39 J1 socket

PWM and TIMER ports of Beaglebone

Beaglebone Black is equipped with 8 PWM ports and 4 TIMER ports, and their distribution location is shown in figure 1.40.

Figure 1.40 PWM and TIMER

The ports shown in figure 1.40 can be configured in PWM mode to generate pseudo-analog signals, which can be used to control motor speed and LED brightness, etc., and these ports do not consume additional CPU cycles during operation.

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