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Project name: computer room PXE automatic batch assembly

Mission objective: there are a batch of computers (more than 200) in the computer room, which need to be installed with CentOS 7.5 operating system and Web services deployed. .

Completion time: delivery within 24 hours

Application scenarios:

1) XX School computer Room

2) Red Hat Certification examination Environment

3) deployment of enterprise cluster nodes

4) batch configuration of data center servers

Shell script

Project requirements:

Quickly install the CentOS7 operating system for a group of machines (such as bare metal)

Through a separate network (no other DHCP servers, turn off VMware's DHCP if necessary)

Organize a Word version of the experiment report for a rainy day.

Task analysis

Task 1: prepare a CentOS7 server

Task 2: provide DHCP services

Task 3: provide software package resources for clients (Web mode)

Task 4: provide files related to network startup (build TFTP startup server)

Task 5: test PXE network startup and installation

Task 6: provide automatic answer files (answer all kinds of questions during installation)

Task 7: client unattended installation test

TFTP, simple FTP Protocol (UDP 161)

FTP,TCP 21/20 .

Related knowledge: quick access to instructions / manuals for XX commands or configuration files

Man command name

Or

Man profile name

Run the XX command line in English environment

LANG= XX Command Line

Shell script, long foot (run by yourself) contains a lot of executable command line text files

Vim script file

.

Chmod + x script file

Related knowledge:

PXE, pre-boot environment (Pre-boot eXcute Environment)

-by default, it is integrated in the BOOTROM chip of the network card (pxeclient).

Additional preparation: PXE server (install system for client, provide system for client)

How to provide a server side of PXE batch installation:

1) DHCP service, which provides the IP address, tells the boot server where it is, and tells you to get a startup file

2) TFTP service, which provides startup kernel, startup configuration files, etc.

3) HTTP or FTP service, providing CentOS7 software package resources

4) configure automatic installation

Implement process task 1: prepare a CentOS7 server

1) configure the fixed hostname pxesvr and IP address 192.168.10.7 to 24

# hostnamectl set-hostname pxesvr

# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.10.7/24 connection.autoconnect yes

# nmcli connection up ens33

2) disable the firewall and disable the SELinux protection mechanism

# systemctl disable firewalld-- now / / disable self-boot and stop immediately

Vim / etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

Setenforce 0

3) Mount the CentOS7 CD (if it is a virtual machine, connect the ISO file) to / mnt/dvd

Mkdir / mnt/dvd

# mount / dev/cdrom / mnt/dvd

4) use the / mnt/dvd directory as the temporary software source

Rm-rf / etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

Yum-config-manager-- add file:///mnt/dvd

Vim / etc/yum.conf

Gpgcheck=0

Yum repolist

! If there is no network connection in the current host, you need to add the connection before configuring the address

1) find the name of the Nic device (such as ens33)

Nmcli device status

.. ..

2) add a connection to the network card ens33 (for example, also known as ens33)

Format: nmcli con add con-name connection name ifname network card name type ethernet

Nmcli connection add con-name ens33 ifname ens33 type ethernet

Within the Linux configuration file, the part that begins with # indicates a comment

Task 2: provide DHCP services

1) assign IP address related parameters to the client

2) tell the client which server to find next and get a network card startup file

! Comment mark # in the Linux system configuration file

! Disable other DHCP services in the work network (such as NAT) (such as VMware) to avoid conflicts

Yum-y install dhcp

Vim / etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

Subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

Range 192.168.10.100 192.168.10.200

Next-server 192.168.10.7; / / tell the address of the next server (TFTP)

Filename "pxelinux.0"; / / tell the name of the startup file of the network card to be downloaded

}

Systemctl enable dhcpd-- now / / set self-boot and start immediately

Other configuration references:

# option routers default gateway address

# option domain-name-servers DNS server 1 address, DNS server 2 address

# default-lease-time 3600; / / default lease time

# max-lease-time 7200; / / maximum lease time

! DHCP service troubleshooting--

1) check the service status

Systemctl status dhcpd

The normal state should be green active (running)

Systemctl restart dhcpd

Job for dhcpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status dhcpd.service" and "journalctl-xe" for details. = "indicates that there is an error in the configuration file, or the local IP address network segment does not match.

2) learn what is wrong and what is wrong with the configuration file

Diary of vim / var/log/messages / / Linux server

.. .. Look forward from the last line

/ etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 10: . / / Line 10 has a XX error

! The native test obtains the address in DHCP:

Dhclient-d ens33 / /-d indicates debug mode and does not really modify the address

.. ..

Bound to 192.168.10.X

.. ..

Press Ctrl + C to terminate the test

Task 3: provide software package resources for clients (Web mode)

1) install httpd package

Yum-y install httpd

2) deploy package resources

Mkdir / var/www/html/cos7dvd

Cp-r / mnt/dvd/* / var/www/html/cos7dvd

.. .. Please be patient and don't interrupt.

3) start httpd service

Systemctl enable httpd-now

Visit http://192.168.10.7/cos7dvd from the local browser and you can see the software resources page

! Web configuration (note if the virtual Web host was originally configured)

1) once the virtual host is enabled, the default ServerName and DocumentRoot are invalid

2) if the HTTP request submitted by the browser does not belong to any of the defined virtual hosts, then use the web page directory of the first virtual host as feedback

Vim / etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf / / insert the following in line 1

DocumentRoot / var/www/html

Systemctl enable httpd-now

Task 4: provide files related to network startup (build TFTP startup server)

1) the Nic startup file pxelinux.0

Provided by the package syslinux (/ usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0)

2) launch menu configuration pxelinux.cfg/default (configuration module file, background picture, etc.) ), load the CentOS7 system installer (vmlinuz, initrd.img)

Obtained from the CentOS7 CD directory isolinux/

Yum-y install tftp-server / / install TFTP service software

Yum-y install syslinux

Cp / usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 / var/lib/tftpboot/ deployment startup file

Cp / mnt/dvd/isolinux/* / var/lib/tftpboot/ deployment supporting files

Cd / var/lib/tftpboot/

Mkdir pxelinux.cfg / / create a configuration directory

Cp isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default / / establish default menu configuration

Vim pxelinux.cfg/default

Find label linux, modify the append line below, and specify the source address of the package after inst.stage2=.

Append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2= http://192.168.10.7/cos7dvd

Systemctl enable tftp-- now / / start the TFTP server

Test whether the TFTP resource is downloadable:

Cd / root

Yum-y install tftp

Tftp 192.168.10.7-c get pxelinux.0

Ls-lh pxelinux.0

Task 5: test PXE network startup and installation

1) create a new virtual machine (CentOS64 bits, memory > 2G)

2) Boot the virtual machine client from the network card

-DHCP gets the address automatically

-Connect to the TFTP server

-download pxelinux.0 startup file

-get menu configuration file pxelinux.cfg/default

3) see the installation menu = "Select to install Install CentOS7

-download vmlinuz and initrd.img

-run the kernel file, load the installer, make sure you can see the graphical language interface, …...

-manually specify the installation source http://192.168.10.7/cos7dvd

-the subsequent process is similar to CD installation, which allows you to shut down the virtual machine without completing the installation.

! If the memory of the client is too small, it is easy to crash the kernel when booting PXE.

Kernel panic kernel crash (panic)

Kickstart unattended / automatic answer Technology

Kick, kick

Start, start.

Shell script (text that can run / run by itself)

Kickstart unattended technology

Kick,start

Shell script, text with long feet (+ x)

Rm-rf / etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

Echo'[development]

Name=CentOS7

Baseurl= http://192.168.10.7/cos7dvd/

Enabled=1

Gpgcheck=0' > / etc/yum.repos.d/centos7.repo

Task 6: provide automatic answer files (answer all kinds of questions during installation)

1) how to get the answer file

Vim / etc/yum.repos.d/.repo

[development] / / change the ID requirement of the source to development

Yum-y install system-config-kickstart

System-config-kickstart

Basic configuration: language, time zone, administrative password

Installation method: new installation, setting of HTTP installation source

Install the bootloader: install a new bootloader

Zoning: select the first of all three radio selections, add swap 2000m, / all remaining space

Network configuration: add a connection (DHCP)

Package selection: check all software classes except KDE under "Desktop"

For post-installation scripts, refer to the following:

Rm-rf / etc/yum.repos.d/.repo

Echo'[cos7dvd]

Name=added from: file:///mnt/dvd

Baseurl= http://192.168.10.7/cos7dvd

Enabled=1

Gpgcheck=0

'> / etc/yum.repos.d/cos7dvd.repo

Yum-y install httpd

Echo 'NTD1906' > / var/www/html/index.html

Wget http://192.168.10.7/Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip

Unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip

Cp-rf upload/* / var/www/html/

Systemctl enable httpd

.. ..

-- Save to / root/ks.cfg

2) how to make the client use this answer file

Cp / root/ks.cfg / var/www/html/ks-cos7.cfg

Browsers access http://192.168.10.7/ks-cos7.cfg

Vim / var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

Find linux and modify the append line below

Delete the inst.stage2= section and replace it with the download address of the ks= answer file

Append initrd=initrd.img ks= http://192.168.10.7/ks-cos7.cfg

Task 7: client unattended installation test

1) create a new virtual machine (CentOS64 bits, memory > 2G)

2) Boot the virtual machine client from the network card

-DHCP gets the address automatically

-Connect to the TFTP server

-download pxelinux.0 startup file

-get menu configuration file pxelinux.cfg/default

3) see the installation menu = "Select to install CentOS7

-download vmlinuz and initrd.img

-run the kernel file, load the installer, make sure you can see the graphical language interface, …...

-automatically complete the installation process

Thank you for reading! This is the end of this article on "how to configure batch installation of Linux". I hope the above content can be of some help to you, so that you can learn more knowledge. if you think the article is good, you can share it out for more people to see!

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