Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

1.1 Planning (add author Wechat to request the full version of unwatermarked PDF) 1.1.1 Overview

COPA plan can be used to collect planned selling price and planned sales volume, evaluate cost composition and sales expenses, etc., and issue multi-dimensional revenue, cost, gross profit and net profit plan statements. Clear business objectives can be established by making profit plans, and appropriate reports can be provided for different roles, such as sales managers query planned sales based on channels, customers and products, financial managers query planned profit and loss statements of each profit center, etc., and analyze the achievement of the plan by comparing the plan with the actual data.

COPA planning tools provide a single and graphical platform for enterprises to manage the planning process structurally based on users' respective roles, functions and planning data levels. Different roles and functions may have different planning levels and contents, and different planning structures can be assigned to different positions. The overall planning structure and process are coordinated and monitored by the central functional staff. The hierarchical structure of planning using the planning tool is shown in figure 21th 38.

Figure 21-38 Planning tools

? Planning level: limit the scope of planning, such as a plan for the code of a specified company.

? Planning package: to further limit the scope of planning, such as the preparation of a designated profit center, a plan for a specified accounting period.

? Parameter setting: control the planning format and evaluation method. Select the planning package and parameter settings to determine the content scope and input format of planning.

1.1.1 define the planning format

As the profitability analysis dimensions of each enterprise may vary widely, SAP is unable to provide standard planning reports and needs to define the planning format through Report Painter. This section introduces the main points of planning format. For detailed steps on Report Painter, please refer to the section "14.3.4 customized planning format using Report Painter".

Path: IMG à Control à profitability Analysis à Planning data Manual entry à KE14-defines the planning format

Figure 21-39 defines the plan editing format

Click the menu "Edit à General data selection à General data selection" to maintain the global variables of the report.

Figure 21-40 maintains the global variables of the report

Double-click the features "customer" and "production" and set them as shown in figure 21. 41.

Figure 21? 41 double-click eigenvalues-as report columns

1.1.1 Planning using the planning framework

Path: SAP menu à Accounting à Control à profitability Analysis à Plan à KEPM-create planning data

Figure 21? 42 Planning Framework-create compilation data

Switch to the Select tab.

Figure 21? 43 defines the program level

Create a plan package under hierarchy Z801, and there can be multiple packages under one level.

Figure 21? 44 create a plan package-limit the scope of planning

Create scheduling parameters.

Figure 21-45 create planning parameters

Draw up a profit plan.

Figure 21-46 change the sales and profitability plan-select filter criteria

Click the Save button to save the profit plan, and the system automatically executes the evaluation strategy. You can click the menu "additional à Analysis Evaluation" to view the evaluation results.

After the plan is successful, the COPA plan certificate is generated, and the generated COPA plan line project is queried as shown in figure 21. 47.

Path: SAP menu à Accounting à Control à profitability Analysis à Information system à display Line item list à KE25-Plan

Figure 21? 47 shows a list of line items

* after the planning is completed, you can click the traffic light sign on the right side of the package to update the planning status.

Figure 21? 47 shows a list of line items

* after the planning is completed, you can click the traffic light sign on the right side of the package to update the planning status.

Figure 21? 48 COPA data transmission path

① settles internal orders to the profitability segment.

② allocates cost center expenses to the profitability segment.

③ transfers the difference type to COPA when settling a production order.

COPA vouchers are generated when ④ sales are invoiced.

⑤ generates COPA vouchers when posting accounting vouchers.

At the end of the ⑥ period, the main business cost is reassessed and the actual cost is transferred based on the settlement results of the material ledger.

1.1.1 delivery of sales orders

When you create a sales order, you can automatically transfer the order data to COPA to analyze the expected sales in COPA.

Related configuration

Path: IMG à control à profitability analysis à actual value à delivery of external sales orders à KE4I-assigned value field

Figure 21-49 assigned value field-sales revenue

Path: IMG à control à profitability analysis à actual value pipelined à external sales order delivery à KE4M-assigned quantity field

Figure 21-50 assigned quantity field-order quantity

Path: IMG à Control à profitability Analysis à actual value flow à external sales order transfer à KEKF-activity transfer of incoming sales order

Activate the transfer of sales orders to COPA.

Figure 21-51 activates the transfer of sales orders to COPA

? Input SD: that is, "transfer incoming sales order to COPA", with the following options

Null: not activated, that is, not transferred to COPA when creating a sales order.

ü 1: activated with the input date, that is, when the sales order is transferred to COPA, it will be reflected in the month in which the order was created.

ü 2: activated together with the delivery date / invoice schedule (in KWMENG), that is, when the sales order is transmitted to COPA, it will be reflected in the month where the planned delivery or invoice date is located.

ü 3: activated along with the delivery date / invoice schedule (using KBMENG), same as option 2, but using different fields to store the order quantity.

* "KWMENG- Cumulative order quantity" is the order quantity of the sales order, and "KBMENG- Cumulative confirmed quantity" is the quantity confirmed by the system for shipment after checking the availability of inventory, which is displayed in the planned line item of the sales order.

Scene simulation

Path: SAP menu à Logistics à sales and Distribution à à sales orders à VA01-create

Figure 21? 52 sales order-condition type respective amount

When the sales order is created, the system generates COPA vouchers with a record type of "An external sales order", as shown in figure 21. 53 (the record type is used to identify the data source of the COPA).

Path: SAP menu à Accounting à Control à profitability Analysis à Information system à display Line item list à KE24-actual

Figure 21-53 actual COPA line items

1.1.1 Transmission of invoice vouchers

When invoicing sales, the data such as revenue and cost of sales will be transferred to COPA, which is the most important data that constitutes the COPA report.

Related configuration

Path: IMG à control à profitability analysis à actual value à delivery of billing vouchers à KE4I-assigned value field

Fig. 21-54 transmission of invoice vouchers

Path: IMG à control à profitability analysis à actual value pipelined à invoice voucher transmission à KE4M-assigned quantity field

Figure 21? 55 assigned quantity field

Path: IMG à control à profitability analysis à actual value à delivery of billing vouchers à KE4W-reset value / quantity field

Some value or quantity fields can be cleared based on the invoice type, such as when issuing sales freight invoices or debit vouchers.

Figure 21? 56 situation quantity field

Scene simulation

Path: SAP menu à Logistics à sales and Distribution à invoicing vouchers à VF01-creation

Figure 21-57 create invoice project

After the invoice is created, view the sales order certificate flow, as shown in figure 21: 58.

Figure 21-58 view the order sales voucher flow

Navigate to the corresponding COPA voucher through the accounting voucher, and the record type is "F issues invoice data", as shown in figure 21. 59.

Figure 21-59 issue invoice data

Note that the premise for transferring sales orders or invoices to COPA is that accounting accounts associated with conditional types such as "sales revenue" and "sales discount" need to be defined as cost elements of type 11 or 12, and conditional types corresponding to other types of cost elements cannot be transferred to COPA. Statistical conditional types such as VPRS can be transferred to COPA as long as a value field is assigned. In addition, sales orders can only be transferred to COPA based on cost accounting, and only documents containing accounting vouchers, such as sales invoice, can be transferred to account-based COPA.

1.1.1 settlement of orders and items

Internal orders are often used for cost accounting of internal activities such as new product research and development, and PS projects are used for longer-cycle and more complex projects such as new plant construction, implementation of information systems, etc. Sales orders can also be used as cost objects to account for costs and revenue according to orders, and these orders or projects collect costs and revenues as cost objects. In order to fully reflect the results of all the company's business activities in the COPA report, it is necessary to transfer the order or project to COPA. This section takes the internal order as an example to introduce the transmission process.

Related configuration

Path: IMG à Control à Internal order à actual posting settlement à à KEI1-maintenance of PA delivery structure

The matching relationship between the cost elements and the COPA value field is established, and each cost element is transferred to the corresponding value field when the internal order is settled to Copa.

Figure 21-60 maintains the PA transport structure

Path: IMG à control à internal order à actual posting à à maintenance settlement parameter file

Figure 21-61 maintenance settlement parameter file

? Allocation structure: the settlement cost element must be set in the distribution structure, through which the cost is carried forward to the profitability section during the settlement of internal orders.

? PA transport structure: if the internal order is settled to the profitability segment, the transport structure must be set up to establish a match between the cost elements of the internal order and the Copa value field.

Scene simulation

Path: SAP menu à Accounting à Control à Internal orders master data à Special functions à orders à KO02-change

Maintain that the recipient is the profitability segment in the settlement rules of internal orders.

Figure 21? 62 assigned to the parameter file section

Path: SAP menu à Accounting à Control à Internal order à final checkout à single function à à KO88-single processing

Perform internal order settlement and confirm the generated COPA vouchers.

Figure 21-63 COPA vouchers generated by internal order settlement (type: C)

1.1.1 liquidation of production differences

When the production order is settled, the system generates accounting vouchers and COPA vouchers, and transmits all kinds of cost differences to the corresponding value fields, which can be used to analyze the differences of specific products or orders in COPA reports. However, since profit analysis is generally based on sales quantity, that is, production and operation activities whose goal is to generate sales profits, and the production difference is based on output quantity, and the analysis dimension is inconsistent, the author does not recommend transferring the production difference to COPA, and when the material ledger is enabled, the production difference will be allocated according to the sales quantity and inventory balance and reevaluate the main business cost of COPA Even if the production difference is not transmitted, the production difference based on the sales quantity can still be reflected in the profit analysis report.

* for the cost revaluation of COPA's main business, please refer to the section "21.8.3 Periodic Evaluation".

Related configuration

Path: IMG à control à profitability analysis à actual value pipelined à order and project settlement à KEI1-define the PA transmission structure of settlement

Figure 21-64 defines the PA transport structure for settlement

Path: PA à control à profitability analysis à actual value pipelining à order and project settlement à allocation IMG à transfer structure to settlement parameter file

Figure 21-65 assigns PA transfer structure to settlement parameter file

Business scenario

When the production order is settled, the accounting voucher and the COPA voucher with the type of "C order / project settlement" are generated. As shown in the figure below, each difference type will be transferred to the corresponding value field.

Path: SAP menu à Control à Product cost Control à cost object Control à Product cost à by order final settlement à single function à à KO88-single processing

Figure 21-66 COPA vouchers generated by production order settlement (type: C)

1.1.1 Direct posting by financial accounting / material management

When the accounting voucher containing sales income is posted manually by the financial staff, the profitability segment can be manually set and the amount of the relevant account can be transferred to COPA.

Related configuration

Path: IMG à control à profitability analysis à actual value pipelined by financial accounting / material management direct posting à KEI2-maintain direct posting PA transmission structure

The amount of a cost element that matches a value field can only be transferred to COPA.

Figure 21? 67 PA transmission structure for direct posting

Business scenario

Path: SAP menu à Accounting à Financial Accounting à General Ledger document entry à Fmur02-General posting

Post accounting vouchers for non-operating income and allocate profitability section.

Figure 21-68 Financial posting-allocating profitability section

After posting, the accounting voucher is generated, and the COPA voucher with the record type "B direct bookkeeping from FI" is generated, as shown in figure 21. 69.

Figure 21-69 COPA vouchers generated by direct financial posting (type: B)

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