Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

The architect's first step: learn two abstract perspectives (Abstraction View)

The first abstract perspective: the architect based on the perspective, looking for clan, its clan (architecture) immutability brings simplicity; so that people can master the simple to control the complex (changeable), fulfilling the responsibilities of the architect.

The second abstract perspective: the perspective on which the architect is based, because the relationship between different connotations has been abstracted by the first perspective. This perspective can extract the common shape from the connotation, or create a Form to accommodate the connotation (including the changeable part and the immutable part). Because we often use the shipping industry container (Container) to compare, and take the shape of goods to compare its (container) connotation (Content). So the second perspective mentioned above is also called abstract perspective.

Practical exercise = > architect "Container" Abstract Perspective

The architect's second step: care about the freedom of change at the lower level (if you have no money, you will change it, and if you change it, you will have money)

-what does the architecture look like? There are two common metaphors.

The architecture is like the foundation of a house (the first metaphor): because the foundation needs to be stable, the upper house will not collapse; so this metaphor makes the architect think that the architecture needs to be stable and the upper business applications will be stable and reliable. This metaphor tends to look for immutability rather than the pursuit of innovation.

The structure is like the trunk of a tree (the second metaphor): because the roots must continue to grow and have the freedom and vitality to change with the environment, in order to effectively absorb more water and nutrients. This metaphor makes the architect concerned about the degree of freedom of the underlying module (Module). Dynamic roots and trunks can effectively support the vigorous development of upper-layer business applications.

Practice = > maintain the variable degree of freedom of the underlying module (the second metaphor)

The architect's third step: support

-Software system is like a country's army, business model is like a country's strength.

The duty of the architect is to gain commanding ground and control for his company's software system (or module) in a system architecture.

If an enterprise is in a weak position in the system architecture, it is easy to see that it is difficult to get a say in the business competition.

For example, Cao Cao bequeathed great political wisdom to future generations: blackmailing the emperor to make princes. System architects can also use this intelligence to gain control or dominance in the system architecture to support the company's voice or strong dragon position in business competition. For example, Android architects use HAL driver framework to win the support of many hardware manufacturers, so that Android can gain system control and support Google's strong commercial position.

Actual combat exercise = > hand to grip support

The architect's fourth step is to let users enjoy the complex satisfaction of calling out simplicity.

-Architectural design is an architect who finds a simple design process from complexity. Architects derive simplicity from complexity in order to enable developers (Developer) to grasp complexity in turn, or to enable users (User) to call complexity from simplicity and gain satisfaction in it. The statement is as follows:

This is the famous saying of Jobs, the boss of Apple. Because the functional connotation of intelligent devices is becoming more and more complex, if there is a lack of effective architects to design simplicity, and let users face complexity directly, users will feel afraid; there will be a lack of satisfaction.

The same is true in science. For example, Newton summed up the f=ma formula from very complex mechanics, and people can master complex mechanics from this simple formula. The same is true of Einstein. He found a simple formula for the exchange of mass and energy from the complex law, and we can understand the complex world of mass and energy from this simple formula.

Why is it simple? One of the reasons is that there are no more than three elements in the formula. For example, there are only three elements F, m and an in the Newtonian mechanics formula, and the same is true in Einstein's formula, which has only E, m and c. Simple elements and formulas (shaping) contain extremely complex connotations.

Similarly, there are just three elements of EIT shaping. Simple elements and shapes contain extremely complex connotations, and simple and elegant interfaces bring developers and users a sense of satisfaction in mastering complexity.

Practical exercise = > from the complex to design the simple, from the simple to master the complex

The architect's fifth step: creativity falls in love with limitations, that is, requirements verify the design.

-both mobile applications and the Internet of things involve more and more system combinations and innovations. Software development depends more and more on architecture design, so architects urgently need to learn and understand creative architecture design patterns. The most vivid metaphor in this new model is what Marissa Mayer, vice president of Google, advocates:

"creativity loves limitation" (Creativity lovesConstraint).

"Innovation comes from the interaction between vision and limitation" (Innovation is born from the interactionbetween constraint and vision), she says. Restrictions force architects to re-examine Vision and look for new things from different perspectives; they also make them focus and clarify their ideas; they are very innovative. This leads to two viewpoints of architectural design:

Viewpoint 1: architecture comes from requirements. It means that design is based on requirements. That is, the traditional Rewquirement-based architecture design.

Viewpoint 2: the architecture is guided by Vision and comes from the creativity of the architect. It means that it is designed based on vision, and the requirements are used to verify the architecture. Once the creative design limits the demand, the architecture (design) is naturally willing to meet the demand (limitation).

Since it is a point of view, there is no right or wrong. Architects have more than one point of view at the same time, which often brings more creativity.

Practical exercise = > creativity falls in love with limitations, requirements test design

The architect's step 6: practice hypothetical thinking, and then "Mappingfrom vision to reality"

-Vision is the imagination of the future success situation, which contains a strong hypothetical (dream). Design based on hypothetical situations often makes many people feel uneasy. Because the responsibility of the architect is to design an effective architecture that can both support the owner's vision (Vision) and meet the requirements of the current environment (Reality). That is, the architect wants to find a Mapping from vision to reality that maps from vision to reality, so that other team members can follow this line to realize the hypothetical wish (dream), and the dream comes true. In the era of big data, which is moving towards intelligence, proficiency in hypothetical thinking is crucial. The reasons are:

Due to the huge amount of data and Different Fomat, such as fog, the market competitive advantage is like finding an exit from a big maze. The most effective way is to imagine multiple possible exits based on (hypothetical), and then reverse reasoning to find an effective path (connection).

Jobs of Apple famously said: "you can't connect every point in your life when you look into the future. You can only connect it when you look back." Many people don't know that what he's talking about is the architect's key task: finding the connection between Vision and Reality. This is a necessary practice for effective architects.

Practical drills = > exercises and Mapping from vision to reality

The architect's seventh step: articulate the interface clearly and clearly (Interface)

-abstraction based on the two perspectives of the first step above, resulting in both actions. Division (separation) is the means, and (group) combination is the end. The separation action produces an interface, which can be used as a basis for subsequent combinations. The better the share, the faster it can be organized. Division and combination of the two actions, often at different points in time, the executor is also different; it belongs to the division of labor across time and space and across teams. Therefore, the architect who leads the division (separation) must clearly express the interface and clearly communicate it to the person who is in charge of the team. So, how to clearly express the interface? The effective way is to use it wisely. I hereby explain as follows:

EIT shaping is made up of three classes (Class). Represented by, and, respectively. From the architect's point of view, it belongs to the protagonist, and is the supporting role. Only by matching two supporting roles can the expression be complete and clear. Just like in English, the verb (Verb) can be expressed more completely and clearly by collocating the two supporting roles of the subject (Subject) and the recipient (Object). For example,

If there is no subject and receiver in Play---, the meaning of the verb is not clear enough.

Play hydrangea-with the subject and the recipient, the meaning of the verb is very clear.

The teacher plays the piano (play)-with the subject and the recipient, the meaning of the verb is very clear.

With two supporting roles (subject and receiver), the meaning of the protagonist (verb) becomes more complete and clear. By the same token, architects can express the interface completely and clearly as long as they are shaped by EIT. [the head of the blog of Yingguang Gao Yitang: http://www.cnblogs.com/myEIT/].

Practical exercise = > articulate the interface clearly and clearly (Interface)

Step 8 of the architect: verify and test the interface as soon as possible

-based on EIT shaping belongs to the code level of shaping, can be quickly realized into software code, and the actual execution, inspection and testing of the computer. The programming and development of software is a time-consuming thing. After waiting for all levels of detailed design-code development, the inspection and integration testing between system modules is carried out, which often delays the inspection and testing. This will greatly increase the risk of system integration and increase the overall cost of project development. Especially like the terminal product development of the Android platform, the hardware needs to be quickly integrated with the software (Co-Design) in order to effectively reduce the risk of software and hardware integration, shorten the development schedule, and improve product reliability. If you are good at shaping with EIT, it will be easy to implement the task of this step, as shown below:

EIT shapes the protagonist, which the architect must clearly and clearly define. As for and are supporting roles, developers can do implementation or supporting roles to carry out simulation tests. Just as aircraft architects would design to simulate and test the wings of an aircraft.

At present, there are many test environments on the market that provide Mock-based integrated testing tools, which can quickly develop Mock and Mock to test, which is very helpful to implement the task of this step.

For example, you want to test the real interface between Client and Server modules. You can design Mock and Client interface; and design Mock to connect with Server; so even if the Cleint and Server modules have not been developed, you can quickly develop Mock and Mock to test the real interface.

Practical exercise = > check and test the interface as soon as possible

Step 9 of the architect: design the interface and become the core element of the Framework

-how architects create refactoring freedom for themselves and the space to support developer refactoring is a key issue in framework design. This degree of freedom depends on whether the architect can carefully distinguish the subtle difference between attention and attention. The more you can pay attention to, rather than pay attention to, the more you can create the freedom of future reconstruction. For example, the protagonists of EIT shaping and framework are interfaces, and the more you focus on it, the more you want to design General and accommodate multiple changes in the future. And the ingenious combination of a group becomes the framework. A universal interface has two meanings:

Future changes to accommodate buyers' needs (or choices), or new options to accommodate new buyers. Take a car as an analogy. When a buyer buys a car, he can change his choice (beach, road or mountain) at any time in the future. For example, when a buyer decides to run his car on the beach in the future, all he has to do is change a new tire; this shows the future of the architect's current decision.

Limit the buyer's choice. The change in buyer's choice is reflected in the application software (App). The architect designs a universal interface to "frame" all kinds of App, limiting the buyer's choice so that it will not get out of control. The organic integration of these universal interfaces is called a software framework (used to frame the architecture of App).

Practical exercise = > exercise _ Design Universal Interface

The architect's tenth step: effective subtraction design in order to open addition (design)

-the larger the country is and the more developed the application of big data is, the greater the range of addition (design) will be. The greater the range of additive design, the more significant the complexity and differentiation of the system, and the higher the call for standardization and unification. Whether it is standardization or unification, it means that the addition design is greatly promoted, which leads to the complexity and difficulty of the system; therefore, the architect is required to put forward an effective subtraction design scheme to design simplicity from complexity, so that people can control complexity from simplicity. As far as the architect is concerned, only the architecture design based on effective subtraction can open up everyone to do addition design. I hereby explain as follows:

In the Qin Dynasty, only the effective subtraction design of books and cars on the same track could open addition and merge the six Kingdoms into the only big country.

The poems of the Tang Dynasty are called seven-word quatrains, such as "the lonely cold mountain temple outside the city of Gusu, the bell chimed melodiously to the passenger ship in the middle of the night." there are four sentences in a poem, each sentence has seven words, and its rhythm has two "horizontal and horizontal". This is the main Form of Tang poetry.

The Qin Dynasty's "Book with text, car with track", coupled with the "poem isomorphism" of the Tang Dynasty, and effective subtraction design created a brilliant country of great unity (addition).

Don't you see, in the previous steps, such as designing simplicity from complexity and checking design with requirements, are based on effective subtraction design, on the one hand, give equipment suppliers an open space for addition design; on the other hand, let users enjoy the complex satisfaction of calling out the simple (from the subtraction design).

In addition, in the previous steps, such as EIT shaping, general interface and software framework (framing something), are the practical techniques of subtraction design; based on these effective subtraction design approaches, we can greatly open addition design; therefore, it is implemented: to master complexity from simplicity. [the head of the blog of Yingguang Gao Yitang: http://www.cnblogs.com/myEIT/].

Practical exercise = = > effective subtraction design in order to open addition

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