Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Today, I will talk about how I changed from an ordinary desktop maintenance engineer to a Linux operation and maintenance engineer through study and efforts, and what skills and knowledge are needed as an Linux operation and maintenance engineer. I hope I can help some people who are interested in Linux or want to turn to Linux.

I have been doing ordinary desktop maintenance work for 15 years, and the technology is OK, but there are a lot of chores. Although our company's Windows server is stable, but the company has a lot of chores every day, I will call to say that my input method can not be used, and will say that my office can not open Excel, which is a waste of energy. I was in a daze for two years. Today's Internet, the vast majority of websites, services, games are running on Linux, I do not want to do this kind of chores, because I also have a computer foundation, self-confidence to learn Linux should not be slow. So I found some videos and e-books about learning Linux on the Internet. It's really hard to chew too much. After comparing most of the e-book catalogs, I only chose an e-book from the Linuxprobe website and a set of Linux learning videos. I think: as long as you master a book thoroughly, it can't be so bad. Because the foundation on the Windows is OK, quickly set up the learning environment, followed by hard practice, repeated practice.

Now I have been engaged in Linux operation and maintenance for 2 years, and I have taken some detours along the way, but generally speaking, I have learned very slowly. I have spent more than half a year and invested considerable time and energy, especially in practical practice. Next I would like to write down my initial stage to help friends who want to learn Linux.

As a beginner, there are no more than videos, books, website posts and so on. Although the video is detailed, it takes a lot of time. As far as I know, few people can persevere to finish a series of videos; website posts and the like are generally scattered and not a learning system, learning like a fly without a head. Books from the catalogue is very organized, reading books can be systematic learning, step by step, will not beginners do not know where to start the feeling. It is recommended to use the one above me, if there is a better one, you can, but you must insist that you can install a Linux virtual machine in the early stage, repeat practice as the main means, eat a book thoroughly, and the key point is to eat thoroughly, then you will get started.

So what specific knowledge do you need to master? Here is a list of knowledge that must be mastered:

1. Understand Linux FHS, which is the architecture of Linux, and understand the general principle

2. Do not repeat 80 commonly used Linux basic, operation and maintenance commands, and mount them.

3. Knowledge of TCP/IP protocol and network configuration

4. The principle and application of SSH

5. Basic configuration of firewall, iptables

It is necessary to master some entry-level tools and skills under Linux:

1, Vim editor, whether for writing configuration files, or writing language scripts, Vim is always the necessary spirit above Linux, need to master the basic operation methods, keyboard shortcuts.

2. Git version control may not be necessary for many people, but it is not. Today, the rising of Devops is a challenge as well as an opportunity for traditional OPS engineers. Engineers need to write a lot of scripts every day, and they can use Git to manage and back up common code and scripts.

3. Shell programming, of course, writing scripts requires Shell, which is also the foundation. As above, it is also necessary for Devops to learn an efficient scripting language. Python is recommended here, but this is later. Let's master Shell first.

In fact, if you master the above requirements to 80%, it is basically an introduction, and then you need to learn some hardware knowledge. As an operation and maintenance engineer, you will often deal with network equipment, servers and other hardware devices, and you should also have a good understanding of hardware knowledge. In particular, the core parameters to judge the quality of hardware, such as memory media, capacity, speed, parity, CPU manufacturing process, audit thread, internal and external frequency, cache and so on. In our work, we not only need "soft knowledge", "hard knowledge" is also an essential key skill, especially when the company's business is growing rapidly, and we need to add new computer rooms and servers, we need to use a lot of "hard knowledge". We should have some understanding of the choice of network transmission media, UPS, and so on.

The previous study is the basic "soft knowledge", and then we have to learn some advanced "soft knowledge". To master the most commonly used service architecture, each company's business architecture is different, but there are only those commonly used services. in short, business architecture is a combination of different forms of services. For Linux OPS engineers, your company needs to build a variety of servers, such as file sharing servers, Git servers, database servers, deployment of common Web architectures, large companies may also need DHCP servers, and so on.

Generally speaking, when you build a certain type of server, there will be an official instruction manual. For example, the construction of MySQL server, Git server and so on. Google to the official website according to the Tutorial manual step by step (climb over the wall to find a ladder, Baidu to the official website is also OK), basically inseparable, of course, there are a lot of ready-made posts can be flipped through directly. It should be noted here that the version of Linux is different, and there will be some differences in service installation. When you encounter a problem search, it is recommended to add the release version of Linux, so that you can match the problem more accurately. You can rest assured that the problems you have encountered have already been encountered by countless people in front of you (happy to share and give feedback to future generations).

Finally, I recommend that "this is how to learn Linux", which is the e-book I learned on the website before, and now has a paper version. I think it is still more practical and practical, practice, no matter how rare things, it is not so difficult, people nowadays. They are all too lazy to run.

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