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This article introduces the relevant knowledge of "what is the network protocol of linux". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma. Then let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

There are many network protocols, but most of them are aimed at windows, so how do you understand linux network protocols? This article will discuss this problem with you.

Based on the layered design idea, Linux network protocol stack is divided into four layers, which are physical layer, link layer, network layer and application layer from bottom to top.

The Linux network protocol stack is actually derived from the protocol stack of BSD, and its upward and downward interfaces and the software layers of the protocol stack itself are well organized. Based on the layered design idea, Linux's protocol stack is divided into four layers, which are physical layer, link layer, network layer and application layer from bottom to top.

The physical layer mainly provides a variety of connected physical devices, such as various network cards, serial port cards, etc.

The link layer mainly refers to the drivers of various interface cards that provide access to the physical layer, such as network card drivers, etc.

The function of the network layer is to transmit the network packets to the correct location. Of course, the most important network layer protocol is the IP protocol. In fact, there are other protocols in the network layer, such as ICMP,ARP,RARP, but they are not familiar to most people like IP.

The function of the transport layer is mainly to provide end-to-end. To put it bluntly, it provides communication between applications. The most famous protocol of the transport layer is not the TCP and UDP protocols.

The application layer, as the name implies, is, of course, the "man-machine interface" layer provided by applications for semantic interpretation of transmitted data, such as HTTP,SMTP,FTP, etc., in fact, the application layer is not the layer that people finally see, the top layer should be the "interpretation layer", which is responsible for presenting the data to people in various forms of table items.

The network architecture of Linux network core architecture Linux can be divided into three layers from top to bottom, namely: the application layer of user space. The network protocol stack layer of the kernel space. Physical hardware layer. The most important and core of these is, of course, the protocol stack layer of the kernel space.

Linux network protocol stack structure the entire network protocol stack of Linux is built in Linux Kernel, and the whole stack is designed strictly according to the idea of layering. The whole stack is divided into five layers, which are:

1. The system call interface layer is essentially an interface call library for user-space applications, which provides interfaces for user-space applications to use network services.

2. The protocol-independent interface layer is the SOCKET layer. The purpose of this layer is to shield the underlying different protocols (more accurately, TCP and UDP, of course, RAW IP, SCTP, etc.), so that the interface with the system call layer can be simple and unified. To put it simply, no matter what protocol we use in the application layer, we have to establish a SOCKET through the system call API. This SOCKET is actually a huge sock structure, which is associated with the network protocol layer below, shielding the differences of different network protocols, and only presents part of the data to the application layer (through the system call API).

3, the network protocol implementation layer, which is undoubtedly the core of the whole protocol stack. This layer mainly implements a variety of network protocols, of course, the most important is IP,ICMP,ARP,RARP,TCP,UDP and so on. This layer contains a lot of design skills and algorithms, which is quite good.

4. Device-independent driver interface layer, the main purpose of this layer is to unify the drivers of different interface cards and the interfaces of the network protocol layer. It abstracts the functions of different drivers into several special actions, such as open,close,init, etc., this layer can shield different drivers at the bottom.

5, driver layer, the purpose of this layer is very simple, is to establish an interface layer with the hardware. As you can see, the Linux network protocol stack is a strictly hierarchical structure, in which each layer performs relatively independent functions, and the structure is very clear. Two of the "irrelevant" layers are well designed, and the protocol stack can be easily extended through these two "extraneous" layers. We can absorb this design method in our own software design.

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