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This article introduces the relevant knowledge of "detailed installation method of Linux Ubuntu". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma, so let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

Download Ubuntu

There are three versions of Ubuntu, namely the desktop version (Desktop Edition), the server version (Server Edition) and the netbook version (Netbook Remix). Ordinary desktop computers can use the desktop version. Please click here to download the address. Please select 32bit version for 32-bit CPU and download Netbook Remix for netbooks. At present, Ubuntu has occupied 1/3 of the netbook market, second only to WIndows XP systems. Google's Chrome operating system has a strong rival to Ubuntu Netbook Remix.

At present, the latest version is version 9.04, the downloaded file name is ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso, the size is 698m, through the Thunderbolt download is very fast, about half an hour can be downloaded.

Install Ubuntu

Under Windows, you can install Ubuntu directly like an application without repartitioning. The installation method is to first load the ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso file using a virtual optical drive (such as Microsoft's Windows virtual optical drive), and then run wubi.exe in the root directory. Before running, change the names of the local disks to English names. Otherwise, an error message "UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-3: ordinal not in range (128)" will appear and will not run.

After running, the following interface appears. Select "Install inside Windows" to install it directly under Windows without partition.

Then the following installation screen appears, select a disk, and then select the language as "Chinese (Simplified) simplified Chinese", Installation size is the total disk size of the Ubuntu environment, and then the login user name and password. Once set up, click install to continue.

The latter installation operation is very simple, the entire operating system can be installed directly without manual intervention, and most of the hardware drivers can be installed automatically. After the prompt is installed, restart the system, and you can use Ubuntu.

Automatically log in to Ubuntu

Ubuntu defaults to enter a user name and password for each login, which is based on security considerations, but for the desktop version, everyone is used to logging in automatically on their computers, similar to the Windows XP system, through some settings to achieve automatic login of Ubuntu. The way to set it is to click "system"-"system Administration"-"Login window" (you need to enter the administrator password), then on the "Security" options page-check (enable automatic login), and then select your user name in the drop-down list. After that, Ubuntu can log in automatically.

Boot auto-run program

Similar to the startup menu of Windows, you can also run some commands automatically on Linux. A relatively simple way is to modify the / etc/rc.local file and add the commands that need to be executed.

Desktop Settin

Ubuntu desktop, there are two taskbars by default, one at the top, one at the bottom, usually accustomed to Windows users like to move the top to the bottom, the Ubuntu panel can not be dragged, right-click on the top, you can make it displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Desktop background settings are very similar to Windows, right-click on the "desktop", click to change the desktop background, you can modify the settings.

Modify root password

The default user of Ubuntu is not root. We can use the super admin account of root through operation to gain more privileges. Open the terminal first, and then execute the following statement

Sudo passwd root

You can change the password of the Super Admin root, and then you can use the su command to switch to the root user to perform some more privileged operations.

Hosts modification

Under Windows, we need to modify the hosts file on Twitter and other websites. There is also a hosts file under Linux, which is located in / etc/hosts. Users can edit and modify this file using root. The hostname and IP format are exactly the same as those of Windows, for example:

127.0.0.1 localhost

Install the software under Ubuntu

There are several ways to install software under Ubuntu, commonly used is the installation of deb package, deb is the Linux package management mode of debian series, ubuntu belongs to the derivative of debian, and it also supports this kind of software installation by default. When downloading to a deb format software, it can be installed directly on the interface.

Another common installation method is source code compilation and installation. Many software will provide the source code to the end user. Users need to compile and install the source code by themselves. First, use tar to extract the source code to a directory, then enter this directory and execute the following three commands:

. / configure

Make

Sudo make install

After the execution is completed, the compilation and installation of the software can be completed.

Another way is to install apt-get. APT is the package manager for Debian and its derivative distributions. APT can automatically download, configure, and install packages in binary or source code format, thus simplifying the process of managing software on Unix systems. Common installation commands are:

Sudo apt-get install Software name

Sudo apt-get remove Software name

Updates to the Firefox browser

After Ubuntu installation, a Firefox browser is automatically installed. Unfortunately, this Firefox version is usually lower. For example, Ubuntu 9.04 will install Firefox 3.0.But we can find a way to download the latest Firefox and overwrite the old version of Firefox by first downloading the latest Linux version Firefox on the official Firefox website, and then extracting it to a certain directory, such as the firefox directory, enter the terminal, and go to the parent directory of this directory. Execute the following statement:

Sudo cp-r firefox / usr/lib/firefox-3.5.2

Sudo mv / usr/bin/firefox / usr/bin/firefox.old

Sudo ln-s / usr/lib/firefox-3.5.2/firefox / usr/bin/firefox-3.5.2

Sudo ln-s / usr/bin/firefox-3.5.2 / usr/bin/firefox

Firefox can then be successfully replaced with the latest version of Firefox 3.52, and future Firefox updates can also use this approach.

Flash problem of Firefox

After my actual test, there are many problems with the Flash plug-in swfdec automatically installed by Ubuntu. In Firefox, the Flash of many pages cannot be displayed, including Google Music and Kaixin, so it is recommended to use the following two statements to uninstall it.

Sudo apt-get remove swfdec-mozilla

Sudo apt-get remove swfdec-gnome

The official Linux version of Adobe Flash Player can then be installed at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/

After the installation is completed, the problem of Chinese garbled should be solved by executing the following statement:

Sudo cp / etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf / etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf.bak

Sudo rm / etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf

After that, the Flash of Firefox is completely normal. Visiting Kaixin.com and other Flash websites in Firefox shows that everything is normal.

Install commonly used softwar

After introducing the installation method and Firefox, you can download some commonly used Linux software from various websites to install. Here is a list of some commonly used Linux software that I have sorted out:

Linux QQ: visit this address, download the deb file and install it. You can play Tencent QQ under Linux.

Firewall firestarter: install using sudo apt-get install firestarter.

Antivirus software AntiVir: although there are few viruses under Linux, it is still necessary for beginners to install an antivirus software. Visit this address to download the free version of AntiVir antivirus software, which I have introduced in the "five best antivirus software".

Rpm to deb tool: install using sudo apt-get install alien

Installation of JAVA environment: installation of JRE sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre, installation of JDK sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk

Eclipse installation: first go to this address to download the latest eclipse, then use tar xvfz eclipse-php-galileo-linux-gtk.tar.gz-C / opt to extract it and then use it.

Picasa 3 for Linux installation: visit this address, download and install it directly.

GoogleEarth installation: download the latest version of GoogleEarth here, download a BIN file, right-click GoogleEarthLinux.bin on the graphical interface, and check "allow file execution as a program" in the permissions tab, as shown in the following figure.

Then execute. / GoogleEarthLinux.bin on the terminal to install it.

Install the LAMP environment

The desktop version of Ubuntu can also install LAMP (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP) environment. Here I introduce one of the easiest ways to use XAMPP. I have described this project in the "Common WAMP Integrated Environment". XAMPP not only supports Windows, but also supports Linux. After downloading from its website, run the following two commands:

Tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.7.2.tar.gz-C / opt

/ opt/lampp/lampp start

You can start the LAMP environment. XAMPP is a fully functional integrated environment. The package contains Apache, MySQL, SQLite, PHP, Perl, FileZilla FTP Server, Tomcat, etc., which is very suitable for the development environment.

Installer add program menu and desktop

Some programs are unzipped and installed directly, so the menu items of "applications" will not be added. We can add them manually by opening "system"-"preferences"-"main menu" and adding them.

To add a desktop shortcut, right-click on the desktop to create an initiator. This "launcher" is the "shortcut" in Windows.

To create a menu item for applications to a desktop shortcut, right-click the menu item for applications and select add this launcher to Desktop or add this launcher to Panel.

This is the end of the content of "detailed installation of Linux Ubuntu". Thank you for reading. If you want to know more about the industry, you can follow the website, the editor will output more high-quality practical articles for you!

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