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According to RFC 3986, the characters in the US-ASCII URL are limited to a defined set of reserved and unreserved URLs. No other characters are allowed in URL. However, URL usually contains characters beyond the US-ASCII character set, so they must be converted to a valid US-ASCII format for global interoperability. URL coding, also known as percentage coding, is the process of encoding URL information so that it can be safely transmitted over the Internet.

To map characters that are widely used around the world, a two-step process is used:

First, the data is encoded according to the UTF-8 character encoding.

Then, only those bytes that do not correspond to characters in the unreserved set should be percentage encoded, such as% HH, where HH is the hexadecimal value of the byte.

For example, the string: Fran ç ois will be encoded as: Fran%C3%A7ois

C, c-cedilla is the Latin alphabet.

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