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X86 and i386, i486, i586, i686, etc.

X86 or 80x86 is a general term for a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel Intel.

The earlier processor names in the series were numeric and ended with "86", including Intel 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, and 80486, so its architecture was called "x86". Because numbers cannot be used as registered trademarks, Intel and its competitors use registrable names such as Pentium in the next generation of processors. At present, Intel calls x86-32 IA-32 and its full name is Intel Architecture, 32-bit. However, such naming is also troublesome because x86 includes 16-bit processors.

The x86 architecture first appeared in the Intel 8086 CPU introduced in 1978. It was developed from the Intel 8008 processor, while the 8008 was developed from the Intel 4004. 8086 was chosen by IBM PC three years later, and since then x86 has become the standard platform for personal computers and the most successful CPU architecture of all time.

Other companies also make x86 processors, including Cyrix (now acquired by VIA), NEC Group, IBM, IDT and Transmeta. The most successful manufacturer outside Intel is AMD, whose Athlon series processor market is second only to Pentium.

8086 is a 16-bit processor; until the development of 32-bit 80386 in 1985, this architecture remained 16-bit. Then a series of processors showed minor improvements to the 32-bit architecture and introduced several extensions until 2003 when AMD developed a 64-bit extension to this architecture and named it AMD64 (sometimes referred to as x86-6 ~ x64 or EM64T) and launched the Opteron processor family, ushering in the 64-bit era of x86.

It is worth noting that Intel cooperated with Hewlett-Packard in the 1990s to propose a separate 64-bit architecture for use in the Anton series of processors, which is called IA-64. IA-64 is a brand new system that bears no resemblance to x86 architecture; it should not be confused with AMD64 or x86-64.

X86 is a standard numbering abbreviation for the Intel general computer family. It also identifies a general set of computer instructions. X has nothing to do with the processor. It is a simple wildcard definition for all * 86 systems, such as i386,586, pentium.

Since the CPU numbers of early intel are numbered such as 8086 and 80286, the entire series of CPU are instruction-compatible, so X86 is used to identify the instruction set used. Today's Pentium, P2, P4 and Caiyang series all support the X86 instruction system, so they all belong to the X86 family.

The x86 instruction set was specially developed by Intel for its first 16-bit CPU (i8086).

In order to ensure that the computer can continue to run all kinds of applications developed in the past to protect and inherit rich software resources, so all CPU produced by Intel company still use X86 instruction set, so its CPU still belongs to X86 series.

In addition, in addition to Intel, AMD and Cyrix and other manufacturers have also produced CPU that can use X86 instruction set. Because these CPU can run all kinds of software developed for Intel CPU, computer industry insiders list these CPU as CPU compatible products of Intel. Because both the Intel X86 series and its compatible CPU use the X86 instruction set, today's large X86 series and compatible CPU lineup is formed. Of course, not all current desktop (portable) computers use X86 series CPU, and some servers and Macintosh computers also use DIGITAL's Alpha 61164 and PowerPC 604e series CPU.

Intel 80x86 is referred to as ix86, such as i386, i586, i686, etc., which refers to microprocessors suitable for intel i386, i586, i686 compatible instruction sets. I686 should be above P2 CPU,i586 should be pentium this series is fine, but pentium pro belongs to i686.

X86-64 and x64, AMD64, etc.

"x86-64", sometimes referred to as "x64", is a kind of 64-bit microprocessor architecture and its corresponding instruction set, and is also an extension of Intel x86 architecture. "x64" was first designed by AMD and was called "AMD64" when it was launched. "x64" was later adopted by Intel, which now calls it "Intel 64". It has used Clackamas Technology (CT), IA-32e and EM64T before. Outsiders often use "x86-64" or "x64" to call this 64-bit architecture, so as to remain neutral and not biased towards any vendor.

About the type of installation media for Linux/Unix:

1. I386 is suitable for all 32-bit cpu of intel and AMD. And 32 cpu of via which adopts X86 architecture.

Intel platform includes 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium series (1.2.3.4), Caiyang series, Pentium D series

And centrino Pmurm MJ core duo and so on.

2. X86x64 is suitable for intel Core 2 Duo, Centrino Core 2 Duo, and Xeon and AMD Athlon64/x2, Sempron64/x2, Duron64 64-bit cpu using X86 architecture.

3. PPC is suitable for Apple Macintosh G3, G4, G5, PowerBook, and other non-Intel models

Installing DVD includes more software than the installation CD, and installing DVD also includes two graphical interfaces (KDE and gnome).

4.Jigdo

You can also download the Fedora distribution through Jigdo. Jigdo can speed up downloading the ISO image of the installation disk. Unlike the BT download waiting task, Jidgo automatically locates the fastest image server (through the Fedora image manager) and downloads the required files from it. To reduce the required network traffic, you can have Jigdo scan existing DVD or CD media. This feature is particularly useful for the following users.

LiveCD media, divided into fedora desktop (gnome) and KDE desktop

You can go directly into the system and install it. Experience before deciding whether or not to install the type.

I686 is only a subset of i386. Cpu support starts with Pentium 2. Previous models do not support it.

I686 refers to Pentium Pro and later Intel IA32 CPU, which is what we call P6 series processors.

I386 refers to those after 80386

If IA32 divides a subset, 386486 is one, Pentium is one, Pentium Pro,Pentium II,PentiumIII is P6 series, Pentium IV is another, Pentium 4 is NetBurst framework, which is a little different from P6 series.

I386, i586, i686 refer to microprocessors that are compatible with inteli386, i586 and i686 instruction sets. In general, higher-level machines can accept lower-level rpm files. You can query the CPU level through the / proc/cpuinfo document.

I386

Intel x86-compatible processors, including Intel Pentium and Pentium-MMX, Pentium Pro, Pentium-II, Pentium-III, Celeron, Pentium 4, and Xeon; VIA C3/C3-m and Eden/Eden-N; and AMD Athlon, AthlonXP, Duron, AthlonMP, and Sempron

Ppc

PowerPC processors, such as those found in Apple Power Macintosh, G3, G4, and G5, and IBM pSeries systems

X86_64

64-bit AMD processors such as Athlon64, Turion64, Opteron; and Intel 64-bit processors such as EM64T

Intel x86 compatible processors, including Intel Pentium and Pentium MMX, individual Pentium series, Pentium II, Pentium III, Cy Yang, Pentium 4 and Xeon; including via series of C3/C3-m and and Eden/Eden-N; AMD Athlon, AthlonXP, Duron, AthlonMP and Sempron

Ppc

PowerPC processors, such as those in Apple's Macintosh, G3, G4, and G5 and IBM pSeries systems

X86_64

AMD64 bit processors such as Athlon64,Turion64,Opteron.

Intel 64-bit processors such as EM64T

Although the instructions of x86 architecture are all the same, the specific implementation of different times still has its own characteristics in compilation optimization, and the later generation often has some more instructions, so when compiling RPM, different compilation options can be optimized for different architectures.

In general, all x86 processors can execute 386 instruction sets, and 80486 processors certainly need 486 optimization.

Pentium is known collectively as 686 after 586 Pentium PentiumPro (P6), including PentiumPro, Pentium Ⅱ, Pentium Pro and P4.

For the sake of efficiency, when compiling packages such as the core and glibc, different packages are compiled for different architectures and installed on their own machines in order to get the best efficiency.

For now, as long as there are 686 packages, there is no need to consider 386 packages.

The CPU of P Ⅲ was 386 by / proc/cpuinfo.

I386 refers to the general-purpose processor type released by intel, which is suitable for CPU of 386486586686.

X86x64 refers to intel's x86 64-bit processor system.

Usually you can just use i386.

64bit CPU can install i386/x86_64, but 32bit CPU can only install i386 and x8634, but it cannot be installed.

I386 means that pc with CPU above 32 bits can be installed.

X86room64 means that CPU can be installed on 64-bit pc.

Because 32-bit CPU does not support x86 / 64 instruction sets, but 64-bit CPU supports i386 instruction sets (this is called backward compatibility)

So if you can't tell which CPU is on the computer, it is recommended to use the i386 operating system.

Reference:

1. Http://community.itbbs.cn/showthread.php?t=12523

2. Baidu encyclopedia x86 entry

3. Wikipedia x86-64 and x86 entries

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