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1.1 Credit Management (add author Wechat to request the full version of unwatermarked PDF) 1.1.1 Overview

In order to minimize credit risk when selling goods or providing services, SAP provides credit control / risk management functions across financial accounting and sales modules, establishes a complete credit evaluation system, reduces the risk of bad debts, identifies reliable customers, and shortens the turnover days of accounts receivable through integrated and rapid credit checks. The customer credit control process is shown in figure 7-73.

Figure 7? 73

① creates a sales order, and the system automatically checks whether the amount of the order is within the customer's remaining credit line. If the amount is insufficient, the order is frozen.

② if the sales order quota is approved, manually release the frozen sales order.

③ performs the shipping and invoicing of sales orders.

1.1.1 related configuration

IMG à Enterprise structure à definition à Financial Accounting à defines the scope of credit control

Figure 7? 74

? Update: decide which documents will occupy the customer's credit line, such as outstanding sales orders, delivery orders, invoices, or outstanding receivables.

Empty: only outstanding accounting vouchers occupy credit lines, such as accounts receivable.

ü 000012: outstanding sales orders, delivery orders, invoices, and outstanding accounting vouchers will occupy the credit line.

ü 000015: outstanding delivery orders, invoices, and outstanding accounting vouchers will occupy the credit line.

ü 000018: outstanding sales orders, invoicing, and outstanding accounting vouchers all occupy credit lines.

IMG à enterprise structure à assign à financial accountant à assign company code to credit control area

Figure 7? 75

? CC coverage: you can manually switch to other credit control ranges when posting. The other credit scope configuration paths available to each company code are as follows

IMG à Financial Accounting (New) à accounts Receivable and accounts payable à Credit Management à Credit Control Accounting subjects à assign allowed credit control scope to the company code

IMG à enterprise structure à distribution à sales and distribution à sales scope of credit control

Figure 7? 76

IMG à Financial Accounting (New) à accounts Receivable and accounts payable à Credit Management à Credit Control Accounting subjects à definition of Credit Management preliminary setup

Figure 7? 77

IMG à Financial Accounting (New) à accounts Receivable and accounts payable à Credit Management à Credit Control Accounting subjects à define risk categories

Different credit control methods can be defined for customers with different risk levels.

Figure 7? 78

IMG à sales and Distribution à basic functions à Credit Management / risk Control à Credit Management / risk Management setup à input à conditions: process

The subtotal field including the total tax price must be set to A during the pricing process of the sales order for tax sales to be added to the used credit line of the credit account.

Figure 7? 79

IMG à sales and Distribution à basic functions à Credit Management / risk Control à Credit Management / risk Management Settings à identify valid receivables for each project category

Figure 7? 80

? Active credit: this flag must be selected for the category of sales order line items, otherwise line items in that category will not update the used credit line of the credit account.

IMG à sales and Distribution à basic functions à Credit Management / risk Control à Credit Management à OVAK-Distribution of sales vouchers and delivery vouchers

Figure 7? 81

? Credit verification

ü A/B/C: use simple credit control. When saving the sales order, the system only compares the current sales order amount with the total amount of outstanding accounts receivable and the customer's total credit line, and does not consider the outstanding sales order and delivery order, which is the original credit control version of SAP and generally does not meet the actual needs of the enterprise.

D: automatic credit control (complex credit control) is used, and the calculation logic is shown in figure 7. 82.

Figure 7? 82

? Credit groups: different credit groups can be assigned to each sales order type to achieve different credit check and control logic for each order type.

Figure 7? 83

IMG à sales and Distribution à basic functions à Credit Management / risk Control à Credit Management à OVAK-definition of automatic credit control

Figure 7? 84

Set the credit check and control logic based on the risk level and the credit group, double-click the line item to enter the detailed settings screen.

? Static: the system does not consider the time factor, and the credit line is occupied immediately when the sales order is saved.

? Outstanding orders: set in static credit control whether outstanding sales orders occupy credit lines.

? Outstanding delivery: set whether the outstanding delivery order occupies the credit line in the static credit control.

? Dynamic: a forward-looking period is set to consider the time factor relative to the static credit control.

? Expectation period: if the delivery date is after the expectation period, the credit line will not be occupied for the time being. If the planned delivery date of the sales order is three months after the meeting, the amount of the order will not occupy the credit line.

? Document value: check whether the sales order amount exceeds the maximum credential value, and if so, perform credit control.

? Maximum credential value: the maximum amount allowed for a sales order.

? Key field: check whether the keywords of the sales order, such as payment terms, interest date, etc., have changed, and if so, re-implement the credit control.

? Next check date: when checking the customer's credit line, the system compares the current date with the next check date, and if the current date is greater than the next check date, it can decide whether to freeze the sales order.

? Unliquidated items: check for outstanding items that are overdue for more than the specified number of days, and implement credit control if these outstanding items account for a percentage of the total outstanding amount of the customer that exceeds the specified ratio.

? Earliest outstanding items: check whether the customer's earliest outstanding items are overdue for more than the specified number of days, and if so, perform credit control.

? Maximum delinquency level: check whether the customer's payment level exceeds the specified level, and if so, perform credit control.

? User 1: 3: user-defined credit control logic, related code is appended to include programs LVKMPFZ1, LVKMPFZ2, LVKMPFZ3.

? Response status: if the sales order fails the credit check, this field determines what information the system prompts and whether to freeze the order.

Wu Nong: no news

ü A: warning

ü B: error message

ü C: warning of exceeding the credit limit + excess amount

D: error message exceeding credit limit + excess amount

? Freeze: sales orders with frozen credit do not occupy credit lines unless approval is performed through the transaction code VKM1.

1.1.1 Business scenario simulation

SAP menu à Accounting à Financial accounts Receivable à Credit Management Master data à FD32-change

To maintain the customer's credit line, you can also enter the customer's credit management screen through the transaction code FD02 customer master data maintenance screen and click the menu "Environment à Credit Management".

Figure 7-85

Enter to enter the Central data view.

Figure 7? 86

? Total credit limit: the maximum total credit limit of the customer in all credit control areas.

? Single control limit: the maximum credit line that can be allocated by the customer in any credit control range.

Switch to status view.

Figure 7? 87

? Credit limit: the credit limit that the customer is allocated within the credit control range.

? Total receivables: the total amount of all outstanding receivables in the credit account, excluding special general ledger business.

? Special current debt: the total outstanding amount of all special general ledger operations of the credit account.

? Sales value: the total amount of all outstanding sales documents in the SD module, and the Update field of the credit control scope controls which documents will be updated to the sales value.

? Total credit risk: that is, the total amount of receivables, special obligations and sales value.

? Credit limit used: the proportion of the credit line occupied by the credit account to the total line.

? Credit account number: that is, the customer's credit account. A credit account is the smallest unit that maintains, evaluates, and monitors credit lines. It is generally possible to create a credit account with the same number for each customer, or you can assign the same credit account to multiple customers, such as multiple customers belonging to the same group, and perform consolidated credit control on these customers at the group level. Click the menu "Edit à modify Credit account" to modify the customer's credit account.

? Risk level: used to identify the risk level of the customer, different levels of inspection and control logic.

SAP menu à Logistics à sales and Distribution à sales orders à VA01-create

Figure 7? 88

Note that frozen sales orders will not update the occupied credit line of the credit account, and subsequent sales orders created within the remaining limit can still pass the credit check.

SAP menu à Logistics à sales and Distribution à Credit Management à exception à VKM1-freeze SD vouchers

Release the credit freeze for sales orders.

Figure 7? 89

Select the sales order to be released and click the button to perform the release.

The execution code FD33 looks at the customer's credit data again as shown in figure 7: 90. After releasing the sales order with credit freeze, the system automatically accumulates the order amount to the customer's occupied credit line, so that the total credit risk exceeds the credit limit, and the credit limit used exceeds 100%.

Figure 7-90

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