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Most people do not understand the knowledge points of this article "how to nest Python functions", so the editor summarizes the following contents, detailed contents, clear steps, and has a certain reference value. I hope you can get something after reading this article. Let's take a look at this "how to nest Python functions" article.

Internal / embedded function

1. Definition: use the keyword def keyword to define a new function in the body of a function. This new function is called internal / embedded function.

2. Note: the entire function body of the internal function is within the scope of the external function. If there is no reference to the external function variable in the internal function, that is, access, then except in the external function body, no internal function can be called anywhere else.

3. The internal function can access the variables of the external function, but can not use the variables in the external function, that is, you can not try to change the variables in the external function. However, you can use the nonlocal keyword to modify the variables of the internal function, so that the internal function can access and use the variables of the external function.

Def out_func (out_name): def in_func (in_name): print (out_name.title () + "+ in_name.title ()) # internal functions can access variables of external functions, but cannot be used to change print (" this is user () ") return in_func # returns internal function objects, that is, internal function addresses. A = out_func ("tom") print (a) print (type (a))

From the output, we can see that after calling the out_func function, the return is a function address and the type is a function.

Def out_func (out_name): def in_func (in_name): print (out_name.title () + "+ in_name.title ()) # internal functions can access variables of external functions, but cannot be used to change print (" this is user () ") return in_func # returns internal function objects, that is, internal function addresses. A = out_func ("tom") # returns the in_func function object a ("jerry") # equivalent to in_func ("jerry") out_func ("tom") ("jerry")

A = out_func ("tom") statement is a call to an external function, and after execution, the variable an is equivalent to in_func,a ("jerry") statement is equivalent to in_func ("jerry").

The result of the out_func ("tom") ("jerry") statement is the same as a = out_func ("tom") and a ("jerry").

Def out_func (out_name): def in_func (in_name): print (out_name.title () + "+ in_name.title ()) # internal functions can access variables of external functions, but cannot be used to change print (" this is user () ") return in_func # returns internal function objects, that is, internal function addresses. In_func ("test") # Local variables cannot be used outside of external functions

The internal function is also a local variable of the external function, so on the outside, it also has no scope.

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