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The Development History of Enterprise WAN

In 1969, the predecessor of ARPANET--Internet

In the 1970s, X.25 appeared, and WAN began to enter the business world.

Enterprises begin to deploy TDM-based WAN networks

Early networks, enterprises begin to deploy WAN networks based on frame Relay (Frame Relay)

Middle relay, some IT enterprises began to use ATM to replace the previous frame Relay

In the 2000s, many enterprises replaced the existing frame Relay and ATM networks with MPLS

In 2010, MPLS began to be replaced by SDMI WAN.

For the sake of cost, WAN is not only a simple technology (such as MPLS), but also includes an environment such as IPsec over Internet, which needs to consider various factors according to the demand.

Cisco Intelligent WAN (IWAN)

Traditional hybrid WAN architecture

IPSec over Internet and MPLS are active and standby to each other.

Use DM × × on IPSec over Internet

Use GET × × on MPLS

Two routing domains need to be defined, MPLS using eBGP or static routes, and Internet using OSPF,EIGRP or iBGP

Prevent loops between two routing domains by route redistribution or route filtering techniques

IWAN

Simultaneous activation of IPSec over Internet and MPLS

DM is used on both IPSec over Internet and MPLS.

Only one routing domain iBGP, EIGRP, or OSPF is required

Cisco's advice on WAN Planning

Try to consider the scalability of WAN

Replace some or all MPLS lines with Internet

Using Internet to implement WAN extension

Keep QoS as simple as possible

Use SDWAN management tools to automate and virtualize WAN networks

Intelligent Path Control/PfR

PfR can dynamically control packet forwarding (routing decisions) based on information such as application performance, type, policy, and path status.

It can monitor the jitter, delay and packet loss rate of the application.

PfR consists of two parts: BR and MC (Border Router and Master Controller)

BR is responsible for connecting to DM × × overlay network, collecting traffic and path information and sending it to MC for analysis, and MC plays a role.

BR and MC can be located on the same router or on different routers

The main goal of IWAN design is to find the best path for critical applications, and then use other ways to meet the needs of secondary applications, so as long as remote site has two modes of transmission, if you use a dual-router design, you can achieve up to five modes of transmission.

Reference documentation

The 2015 Guide to WAN Architecture & Design- Cisco

Intelligent WAN and WAN Design Summary-CVD (Cisco Validated Design)

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