Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

This article is reproduced from the official account "Lao Gao's Internet essay" (ID: paulgao-net-talk) on Wechat. Author: Gao Chunhui.

1. I think NAT accelerates the development of the Internet and slows down the development of IPv6 to a certain extent. Please read this sentence carefully. Never equate IPv6 with the development of the Internet. If you don't understand, read the next one.

2. From the user's point of view, in fact, the vast majority of users (except for the handful of users who have end-to-end needs such as P2P downloading) do not care whether the network address is public or private, exclusive or shared, IPv4 or IPv6, or some IPv4/IPv6 dual stack. Do you think IPv6 will be faster and cheaper? If not, I don't care at all.

With more and more Internet content and more and more users, the most natural way to upgrade is to strengthen and improve the existing way, rather than setting up another incompatible stove. Although the original purpose of NAT is not for this purpose (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation)), the biggest use at present seems to be to reduce the dependence on public network addresses and prolong the life of IPv4. Although IPv6 may be more advanced, the biggest problem is incompatibility with existing protocols.

Moreover, although it will eventually be upgraded to IPv6 in the long run, objectively speaking, it will have to be implemented with dual stacks for a long time, so the complexity will become higher, but it will put great pressure on the technical and network management departments of operators. The network is end-to-end access, a link goes wrong, can not be used. If it is the pot of other operators, why should I make me suffer customer complaints? Therefore, it is natural not to upgrade to IPv6 actively. Even if we look at the world apart from the situation in China, it is reasonable that the overall utilization rate of IPv6 is not high over the years.

This is what I said above. I think it slows down the development of IPv6 to some extent, but you can imagine if IPv6 can develop rapidly without NAT. It is hard to say that without NAT, there may be the emergence of MAT,XXX technology, which can also extend the life of IPv4, or it may not be upgraded to IPv6, limiting the Internet to only elite people, or there is only one computer in an office that can access the Internet. Of course, history has no ifs, it is purely brainstorming. After all, the incompatibility of IPv6 is the biggest pain in itself, and it seems that the process of upgrading all new technologies is not very smooth. It is a reality, especially for something that requires concerted action by global companies. I think the process that can be done in decades is fast.

What's more, the spelling, reading and memorizing of IPv6 address is much more difficult than IPv4 address. After several weeks of IPv6 library, just calculating CIDR is painful, forcing my colleague to write a gadget, but IPv4 basically does not need it, and the work efficiency drops obviously.

Once joked with friends, 8 bytes of IP address is enough for global users, hehe.

3. I would also like to add that I am saying on various occasions that IPv4 has only been distributed, but it has not been used up, and there is still a lot of room for mobility, which can be regarded as digital real estate like IDC. From the IP WHOIS data we can see, not to mention a large pile of IP segments owned by the US military, even from a civilian point of view, most of these A segments are not enabled at all, even from a civilian point of view, which belongs to IBM 9, Ford 19, the British government, Prudential Financial, and DAIMLER. Of these, only 9.9.9.0 PUBLICDNS 24 was a partnership between IBM and other companies in the first half of this year. There is also, for example, 56apace 8, which belongs to USPS, and only a small part of it is enabled, including 3can8, which previously belonged to GE, which is also not used, but since last year, 192B segments have been transferred to AMAZON, otherwise it has not been enabled before. It's a similar situation, including MIT's 18Compare 8. If you see the use of paragraph B, the waste is also astonishing, such as many universities in the United States.

Over the past few years, it should be that ARIN, including other NIC, has made great efforts to promote address trading. Some of the original insists on not selling have started to sell, and there are still many IP segments that have been slowly put into use. This can be regarded as another way to extend the life of IPv4. After all, IPv4 should still have many years of life, and AWS is still vigorously buying IPv4 addresses in recent years. I think it is also a vote on the value of IPv4 addresses. I think the total amount of IP makes me feel incredible. Does AWS act like begging for fish from wood in some answers?

In addition, I personally agree with the view that IPv4 is likely to start to decline after 2023. I hope it won't hit me in the face.

4. From a non-technical point of view, I think the biggest advantage of IPv6 is that it solves the problem that you have enough public network addresses even if you waste them. A / 96 address block is equivalent to all of IPv4, so I asked if you were afraid.

5. When I shared in Beijing Post today, I was asked if no one would use NAT with IPv6. I think even if you can assign public network addresses to all devices, this is just a choice. This choice can actually be made on IPv4 in a small number, but in reality, how many companies have done so? I'm afraid it's not entirely the result of a shortage of IP addresses. Local area network has the advantages of local area network itself, and NAT also has its value in the IPv6 era. Some of the answers think that there will be no local area network without NAT in the era of IPv6. It seems that IPv6 can completely achieve the end-to-end design concept in reality, which I think is also a big fallacy.

Even if I can IPv6 at home one day, I won't give my TV an IPv6 address or an air conditioner IPv6 address.

Oh, the US military is an exception here. We think it is that IPv4 public network address is used in an intranet way. Welcome to comment if you know the actual situation.

6. Someone in the comment said, "in fact, the security of ipv6 is much higher than that of ipv4, which has affected its own development. Now ipv6 cancels the mandatory encryption and promotes it immediately." In my opinion, RFC6434 released in 2011 has already removed the requirement for mandatory encryption, but why has it only recently begun to require the deployment of IPv6?

In fact, due to the development of DPI technology in recent years, for the purpose of data protection, the application layer encryption traffic of IPv4, such as SSH / TLS / HTTPS traffic, has become more and more, and it must be the general trend. In this matter, there is no big difference at home and abroad, and Let's Encrypt Project has greatly accelerated this process. So in fact, it is almost no different from IPv6, which has its own encryption capability, and at this time, the huge number of addresses of IPv6 will be valuable, so I hope you can take a closer look at the "Action Plan for promoting the large-scale deployment of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)". You can understand why the government is willing to promote IPv6.

Some people in the comments also said that "IPv6 is more capable of anti-censorship." well, it is also recommended that you read the action plan several times.

If you have time, you can also read this article as an interpretation of the action plan:

Wu Hequan, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering: IPv6 and Network Security

Finally: at this moment, as soon as we see the changes in the IP WHOIS message, Tencent Cloud has bought four B-segment addresses and UCloud has bought half of them. The IP database has been updated. IPv6's database is on its way.

Zhihu has been written in 07 Universe 11 Universe 2018, then transferred to the official account of Wechat with some additions.

Another IP address analysis report for global cloud service providers in the first half of 2018 will be released soon.

In addition, in Beijing, the base station side IPv6 of the three operators has been opened, and those who are interested can be tested. Just visit the address. IPhone is not officially supported at present. You need to customize the description file. You can visit the address to try.

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