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How to configure PCI and ACPI in linux

2025-01-18 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Servers >

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This article will explain in detail how to configure PCI and ACPI in linux. The editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it for you as a reference. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

Here we can enable support for docking stations and removable drive slots controlled by ACPI (Dock). Remember, ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Management Interface) is a power management system. A docking station is a device in which other devices are plugged in through an additional interface. Docking stations can accommodate many different ports and connectors. An ACPI-controlled docking station means that its power management is carried out through ACPI. A drive slot is a set of devices that can add hard drives, which can also be managed by ACPI.

Next, we allow ACPI to manage idle CPU (Processor). This allows the processor to enter the ACPI C2 or C3 state when idle. This saves power and lowers the temperature of the CPU chip. The processor enters the idle state only when it is 100% unoccupied. No program must request a CPU resource at a specific time.

The CPU power supply has four states-C0, C1, C2, and C3. C0 is the operation activated state. C1 (Halt) is an active state that does not execute instructions, but instructions can be executed immediately. C2 (Stop-Clock) is a power-off state. C3 (Sleep) is a more complete power outage than C2. In the C3 state, the cache is no longer synchronized or managed until CPU leaves this state. The fifth state is called C1E (Enhanced Halt State), which has low power consumption.

If the IPMI driver is enabled, ACPI can access the BMC controller (IPMI). The substrate Management Controller (BMC) is a microcontroller that manages the connection between software and hardware. Intelligent platform Management Interface (IPMI) is a framework that manages computers through a direct hardware level rather than logging in to the shell or operating system level.

The ACPI v4.0 process aggregator allows the kernel to apply a CPU configuration to processors on all systems (Processor Aggregator). As of ACPI v4.0, only idle status can be configured in this way.

Next, you can enable ACPI hotspots (Thermal Zone). Most hardware supports this feature. This allows the power of the fan to be managed by ACPI.

If this option is enabled, the custom DSDT can be linked to the kernel. In this setting, the developer must include the full pathname in the file. The system difference Table (DSDT) is a file that contains information about power events supported by the system. It does not need to enter a pathname, and these tables exist in the firmware. The kernel will help you with this. This main purpose is to be used if developers need to use tables that are different from those built into the device.

Any ACPI table can be overwritten (ACPI tables override via initrd) through initrd. ACPI tables are the basic rules and instructions that indicate how to control and interact with the hardware.

Like other parts of the kernel, ACPI systems can generate debugging information (Debug Statements). Like other debugging features, you may want to disable it and save 50KB.

Enabling the following features creates a file (/ sys/bus/pci/slots/) for each PCI slot (PCI slot detection driver) detected by the system. A PCI slot is a port on the PCI motherboard that allows the user to connect to other PC devices. PCI is a type of motherboard. PCI is the way in which components communicate with each other. Some applications may need these files.

Power management timer is another power management system (Power Management Timer Support). This is the way many systems track time. This requires very little energy. Idle processor, voltage / frequency regulation, and throttling will not affect this timer. A large number of systems need to use this feature.

Next, you can enable the ACPI module and the container device driver (Container and Module Devices). This enables hot-plug support for processors, memory, and nodes. It requires a NUMA system.

The following drivers provide hot-swappable support (Memory Hotplug) for ACPI memory. Some devices do not even support hot swapping with this driver enabled. If the driver is added as a module, the module will be called by acpi_memhotplug.

Note: for a specific function of the kernel, there are problems with hardware, BIOS, and firmware when they must be supported. The BIOS of some systems does not control the hardware. This type of BIOS usually does not restrict features. If the kernel does have a specific function, the hardware must be able to accomplish such a task.

The intelligent power management driver provides access to battery status and information (Smart Battery System).

Next, we have a "Hardware Error Device" driver. The device reports hardware errors through SCI. In general, most mistakes will be corrected.

The following is the ACPI debugging feature (Allow ACPI methods to be inserted/replaced at run time). This allows the ACPI AML mode to be managed without restarting the system. AML stands for ACPI machine language (ACPI Machine Language). AML code can be changed and tested by requesting a restart.

APEI is the wrong interface for ACPI (ACPI Platform Error Interface (APEI)). APEI reports errors from the chip to the operating system. This error interface also provides the ability to inject errors.

When "SFI (Simple Firmware Interface) Support" is enabled, the hardware firmware can send messages to the operating system. The communication between the firmware and the operating system is through a static table in memory. This feature is required for the kernel work of SFI-only 's computers.

If you want to change the clock speed and runtime of the processor, enable this feature (CPU Frequency scaling). CPU frequency adjustment means changing the clock speed of the processor. This driver can be used to reduce the clock frequency to save energy.

Here is another power management subsystem (CPU idle PM support). When the processor is not active, it is idle in an effective way to reduce power consumption and CPU loss. Reducing power consumption can also reduce the heat of internal components.

The Linux kernel provides many CPU idle drivers. On multiprocessor systems, some users may have a reason to use a different Support multiple cpuidle drivers on each CPU. Enabling this driver allows the user to set a different driver for each processor.

For Intel processors, the kernel has a driver (Cpuidle Driver for Intel Processors) specifically designed to manage the idle of such CPU chips.

These can also be in a low-power state (Intel chipset idle memory power saving driver) when the memory chip is idle. This driver is particularly supportive of IO AT's Intel devices.

Different computers use different types of motherboards (PCI support). One of these types is PCI. This driver allows the kernel to run on the PCI motherboard.

Next, we can enable / disable "Support mmconfig PCI config space access".

Next, we have an option to enable / disable the main bridge window driver (Support mmconfig PCI config space access). Warning: this driver is not complete (at least in 3.9.4).

Like the motherboard mentioned above, there is another type of motherboard. Write an option to provide a "PCI Express (PCIe) support" driver. PCIe is an improved and faster PCI.

After that, the following drivers should be enabled to support PCI Express Hotplug driver on the PCIe motherboard.

Next, we can enable / disable PCIe motherboard error reporting (Root Port Advanced Error Reporting). This is the PCIe AER driver.

The next feature allows users to override BIOS and firmware settings using PCIe EREC (PCI Express ECRC settings control). The next option is the wrong injection (PCIe AER error injector support) of PCIe.

The following settings provide the operating system to control the active state of the PCI and clock power management (PCI Express ASPM control). Normally, the firmware controls the ASPM, but this feature allows the operating system to take control.

As before, like many components of the kernel, ASPM debugging support (Debug PCI Express ASPM) is provided here.

Next, select "Default ASPM policy" from this menu.

After this option, the next one is about allowing the device driver to start the message signal interrupt (Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI)). Usually, the device is allowed to send an interrupt to the CPU.

To add a large amount of debugging information to the system log, enable "PCI Debugging".

The next option allows the PCI core to detect whether it is necessary to enable PCI resource reallocation (Enable PCI resource re-allocation detection).

When hosting a virtual operating system on Linux, it can sometimes be used to reserve a PCI device (PCI Stub driver) for the virtual system. Under system virtualization, one operating system may be internal or parallel to another system. Sometimes they compete for resources. The ability to reserve devices for clients can reduce competition and increase performance.

The following drivers allow the use of interrupts (Interrupts on hypertransport devices) for hypertransmission devices (hypertransport devices). HyperTransport is a system / protocol bus for high-speed communication between processors.

The next driver is for PCI virtualization, which allows virtual devices to share their physical resources (PCI IOV support).

The PCI page request interface (PRI) enables PCI devices after IOMMU (input / output memory management unit) to recover from page errors (PCI PRI support). A page error is not an error; it refers to an event in which software attempts to access data that is not on physical memory.

This is the end of the article on "how to configure PCI and ACPI in linux". I hope the above content can be of some help to you, so that you can learn more knowledge. if you think the article is good, please share it for more people to see.

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