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This article introduces you how to outline the Linux kernel, the content is very detailed, interested friends can refer to, hope to be helpful to you.

Overview 1, most servers are Linux,Windows only in the PC application.

2. Net can only be used in Windows, suitable for small and medium-sized projects, but rarely used in large-scale projects. Now there is the Windows server (the perimeter server).

3. Scope of learning: (1) how to use linux; (2) linux management (system management, network management, database management, load balancing deployment); (3) Linux shell programming

Expand:

Redhat-- is for large enterprises, and some packages are old (conservative)

Ubuntu-- is suitable for startups (Aliyun, supported by amazon, can be used as a server platform or as a personal development platform)

LinuxKernal1. Version classification

Note: the version of the kernel is in the form of *. These are the distributions of Linux. two。 The basic functions of the kernel

Hardware management, memory management, input and output, VFS (virtual file system), process management (lightweight, not heavyweight in Windows)

VFS=FileSystem virtual file system (that is, the block form of files, similar to rectangle, circle, etc.); common are FAT16,NTFS, EXT2 is used in Linux, different file systems are generally incompatible (the size does not match).

Key points:

VFS defines different interfaces in various file systems and is compatible with different file systems. (a unified interface is defined on different file systems. In VFS's view, all file systems are the same. As a program, you only need to program against VFS (programming in C instead of Java), and there is no need to program for different file systems. This simplifies our programming, such as the principle of JDK virtual machines.)

Extension: the choice of file system format

FAT is divided into FAT16 and FAT32.

FAT16 is a widely used hard disk partition format since DOS and Windows 3.x. It is a traditional 16-bit file system. It has excellent compatibility, and various versions of DOS, Windows, Windows NT, and other operating systems all support FAT16. It is relatively fast and uses less CPU resources, so it is still a commonly used partition format for all kinds of machine hard drives. However, traditional FAT16 does not support long filenames, which is limited by 8-character filenames plus 3-character extensions. The maximum size of a single partition is 2GB, and the maximum capacity of a single hard disk generally cannot exceed 8GB, so if the hard disk capacity exceeds 8GB and more than 8GB, the space will be wasted because it cannot be used.

FAT32 is the Windows 95 OSR2 version that began to introduce a 16-bit compatible 32-bit file system. The biggest feature is the use of smaller clusters (each cluster is only 4KB) to allocate file units, which greatly improves the utilization of hard disk space and reduces waste. The maximum capacity of a single hard disk reaches 2TB (1TB=1024GB), which provides convenience for users of a large number of hard drives. It supports long filenames and can run various versions of DOS and Windows 95Mi 2000 very well, but the system overhead is greater than FAT16. The security of this file system is still poor. Currently, operating systems that support this disk partition format are win 97, win 98, and win 2000/XP. However, this partition format also has its shortcomings, first of all, the use of fat32 format partition disk, due to the expansion of the file allocation table, run slower than the hard disk partition using fat16 format; in addition, because the dos system and some early application software do not support this partition format, so after using this partition format, you can no longer use the old dos operating system and some old application software.

NTFS has all the basic features of FAT and provides features that outperform FAT and FAT 32 file systems: better file security and greater disk compression. Support for large disks up to 2TB (the maximum drive capacity of NTFS is much larger than that of FAT, and the performance of NTFS does not degrade as drive capacity increases, which is very different from FAT). You can convert an existing partition to NTFS during installation. You can also convert the file system from FAT to NTFS at any time after installation by using the convert.exe program at the command prompt. However, only Windows NT/2000/XP can recognize NTFS systems, and operating systems such as Windows 9x/Me and DOS can not support and recognize disks in NTFS format. Because the DOS system does not support the NTFS system, it is best not to use the C: disk system as a NTFS system, so that it is easy to repair under the DOS system after the system crashes. However, the NTFS file system has an obvious deficiency, that is, if you use NTFS to format a partition, only Windows 2000 can access the files created on that partition, and other operating systems cannot use Windows 2000 NTFS partitions.

3. Kernel version number

(1) rmuri-released version, which has been debugged for public release

(for example, alpha-internal test passed, beta-user test passed)

(2) the number of x in the distribution package is basically even.

On how to summarize the Linux kernel to share here, I hope that the above content can be of some help to you, can learn more knowledge. If you think the article is good, you can share it for more people to see.

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