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2025-01-17 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Development >
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本文小编为大家详细介绍"如何写Java栈和队列",内容详细,步骤清晰,细节处理妥当,希望这篇"如何写Java栈和队列"文章能帮助大家解决疑惑,下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来学习新知识吧。
我们知道,在数组中,若知道数据项的下标,便可立即访问该数据项,或者通过顺序搜索数据项,访问到数组中的各个数据项。但是栈和队列不同,它们的访问是受限制的,即在特定时刻只有一个数据项可以被读取或者被删除。众所周知,栈是先进后出,只能访问栈顶的数据,队列是先进先出,只能访问头部数据。这里不再赘述。
栈的主要机制可以用数组来实现,也可以用链表来实现,下面用数组来实现栈的基本操作:
class ArrayStack { private long[] a; private int size; //栈数组的大小 private int top; //栈顶 public ArrayStack(int maxSize) { this.size = maxSize; this.a = new long[size]; this.top = -1; //表示空栈 } public void push(long value) {//入栈 if(isFull()) { System.out.println("栈已满!"); return; } a[++top] = value; } public long peek() {//返回栈顶内容,但不删除 if(isEmpty()) { System.out.println("栈中没有数据"); return 0; } return a[top]; } public long pop() { //弹出栈顶内容,删除 if(isEmpty()) { System.out.println("栈中没有数据!"); return 0; } return a[top--]; } public int size() { return top + 1; } public boolean isEmpty() { return (top == -1); } public boolean isFull() { return (top == size -1); } public void display() { for(int i = top; i >= 0; i--) { System.out.print(a[i] + " "); } System.out.println(""); }}
数据项入栈和出栈的时间复杂度均为O(1)。这也就是说,栈操作所消耗的时间不依赖于栈中数据项的个数,因此操作时间很短。栈不需要比较和移动操作。
队列也可以用数组来实现,不过这里有个问题,当数组下标满了后就不能再添加了,但是数组前面由于已经删除队列头的数据了,导致空。所以队列我们可以用循环数组来实现,见下面的代码:
public class RoundQueue { private long[] a; private int size; //数组大小 private int nItems; //实际存储数量 private int front; //头 private int rear; //尾 public RoundQueue(int maxSize) { this.size = maxSize; a = new long[size]; front = 0; rear = -1; nItems = 0; } public void insert(long value) { if(isFull()){ System.out.println("队列已满"); return; } rear = ++rear % size; a[rear] = value; //尾指针满了就循环到0处,这句相当于下面注释内容 nItems++;/* if(rear == size-1){ rear = -1; } a[++rear] = value;*/ } public long remove() { if(isEmpty()) { System.out.println("队列为空!"); return 0; } nItems--; front = front % size; return a[front++]; } public void display() { if(isEmpty()) { System.out.println("队列为空!"); return; } int item = front; for(int i = 0; i
< nItems; i++) { System.out.print(a[item++ % size] + " "); } System.out.println(""); } public long peek() { if(isEmpty()) { System.out.println("队列为空!"); return 0; } return a[front]; } public boolean isFull() { return (nItems == size); } public boolean isEmpty() { return (nItems == 0); } public int size() { return nItems; }} 和栈一样,队列中插入数据项和删除数据项的时间复杂度均为O(1)。 还有个优先级队列,优先级队列是比栈和队列更专用的数据结构。优先级队列与上面普通的队列相比,主要区别在于队列中的元素是有序的,关键字最小(或者最大)的数据项总在队头。数据项插入的时候会按照顺序插入到合适的位置以确保队列的顺序。优先级队列的内部实现可以用数组或者一种特别的树--堆来实现。 public class PriorityQueue { private long[] a; private int size; private int nItems;//元素个数 public PriorityQueue(int maxSize) { size = maxSize; nItems = 0; a = new long[size]; } public void insert(long value) { if(isFull()){ System.out.println("队列已满!"); return; } int j; if(nItems == 0) { //空队列直接添加 a[nItems++] = value; } else{//将数组中的数字依照下标按照从大到小排列 for(j = nItems-1; j >= 0; j--) { if(value > a[j]){ a[j+1] = a[j]; } else { break; } } a[j+1] = value; nItems++; } } public long remove() { if(isEmpty()){ System.out.println("队列为空!"); return 0; } return a[--nItems]; } public long peekMin() { return a[nItems-1]; } public boolean isFull() { return (nItems == size); } public boolean isEmpty() { return (nItems == 0); } public int size() { return nItems; } public void display() { for(int i = nItems-1; i >= 0; i--) { System.out.print(a[i] + " "); } System.out.println(" "); }}
这里实现的优先级队列中,插入操作需要 O(N) 的时间,而删除操作则需要 O(1) 的时间。
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