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In the von Neumann computer model, memory refers to the "memory" unit. Von Neumann computer model uses storage program mode, instructions and data are stored in the same memory without distinction, data and programs are no different in memory, they are all data in memory.

Feng Neumann, an American Hungarian mathematician, put forward the principle of storage program in 1946, which treats the program itself as data, and the program and the data processed by the program are stored in the same way. The main point of von Neumann's theory of von Neumann architecture is that the number system of the computer is binary; the computer should be executed in the sequence of programs. Von Neumann's theory is called von Neumann architecture.

The characteristics of von Neumann computer Model

1. All data and instructions processed by the computer are represented by binary numbers.

2. Sequential execution program

In the process of computer operation, the program to be executed and the processed data are first stored in the main memory (memory). When the computer executes the program, it will automatically and sequentially take instructions out of the main memory and execute them one by one. This concept is called sequential execution program.

3. Computer hardware consists of five parts: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device.

Arithmetic unit: as the name implies, it mainly carries out calculations, arithmetic operations, logical operations and so on.

Memory: here the memory is only memory, not including external memory, which is used to store data and instruction information.

Controller: the controller is the dispatching center of all equipment, and it is used to deploy the normal operation of the system.

Input device: responsible for inputting data into the computer, such as mouse, keyboard, etc.

Output device: responsible for outputting data after the execution of computer instructions, such as monitors, printers, etc.

Model structure

(1) using the storage program mode, instructions and data are mixed and stored in the same memory without distinction, the data and the program are not different in memory, they are both data in memory; when the EIP pointer points to, CPU will load the data in that section of memory, if it is an incorrect instruction format, CPU will have an error interrupt. In the current protected mode of CPU, each memory segment has its own descriptor, which records the access rights of the memory segment (readable, writable, executable). This, in disguise, specifies which instructions are stored in memory and which are data)

Instructions and data can be sent to the arithmetic unit for operation, that is, the program composed of instructions can be modified.

(2) the memory is an one-dimensional structure of linear addressing accessed by address, and the number of bits of each cell is fixed.

(3) the instruction consists of an operation code and an address code. The opcode indicates the type of operation of this instruction, and the address code indicates the Operand and address. The Operand itself has no data type flag, and its data type is determined by the opcode.

(4) directly send out the control signal to control the operation of the computer by executing the instruction. Instructions are stored in memory in the order in which they are executed, and the instruction counter indicates the address of the unit where the instruction to be executed is located. There is only one instruction counter, which is generally increased sequentially, but the execution order can be changed according to the operation result or the external conditions at that time.

(5) with the arithmetic unit as the center, the data transmission between the Imax O device and the memory has to go through the arithmetic unit.

(6) the data is expressed in binary.

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