Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

In today's Internet, the vast majority of websites, services, and games run on Linux. Although there are many Linux distributions, as long as you are familiar with one release and understand the essence, basic structure and design principles of Linux, the others are analogous. Don't waste a lot of time in choosing which release. It's not worth it, just like I should go to Tsinghua University or Peking University. Collectively referred to as "Qingbei riddle", here is a personal suggestion for beginners to choose CentOS or RHEL to start.

As a beginner, there are no more than videos, books, website posts and so on. Although the video is detailed, it takes a lot of time. As far as I know, few people can persevere to finish a series of videos; website posts and the like are generally scattered and not a learning system, learning like a fly without a head. Books from the catalogue is very organized, reading books can be systematic learning, step by step, will not beginners do not know where to start the feeling. It is recommended to choose a Linux introduction book, you can install a Linux virtual machine in the early stage, repeat practice as the main means, eat a book thoroughly, the key point is to eat thoroughly, then you will also get started.

So what specific knowledge do you need to master?

Here is a list of knowledge that must be mastered:

1. Understand Linux FHS, which is the architecture of Linux, and understand the general principle

2. Repeat 60 commonly used Linux basics and commands, and mount them

3. Knowledge of TCP/IP protocol and network configuration

4. The principle and application of SSH

5. Basic configuration of firewall, iptables

It is necessary to master some entry-level tools and skills under Linux:

1, Vim editor, whether for writing configuration files, or writing language scripts, Vim is always the necessary spirit above Linux, need to master the basic operation methods, keyboard shortcuts.

2. Git version control may not be necessary for many people, but it is not. Today, the rising of Devops is a challenge as well as an opportunity for traditional OPS engineers. Engineers need to write a lot of scripts every day, and they can use Git to manage and back up common code and scripts.

3. Shell programming, of course, writing scripts requires Shell, which is also the foundation. As above, it is also necessary for Devops to learn an efficient scripting language. Python is recommended here, but this is later. Let's master Shell first.

In fact, if you master the above requirements to 80%, it is basically an introduction, and then you need to learn some hardware knowledge. As an operation and maintenance engineer, you will often deal with network equipment, servers and other hardware devices, and you should also have a good understanding of hardware knowledge. In particular, the core parameters to judge the quality of hardware, such as memory media, capacity, speed, parity, CPU manufacturing process, audit thread, internal and external frequency, cache and so on. In our work, we not only need "soft knowledge", "hard knowledge" is also an essential key skill, especially when the company's business is growing rapidly, and we need to add new computer rooms and servers, we need to use a lot of "hard knowledge". We should have some understanding of the choice of network transmission media, UPS, and so on.

The previous study is the basic "soft knowledge", and then we have to learn some advanced "soft knowledge". To master the most commonly used service architecture, each company's business architecture is different, but there are only those commonly used services. in short, business architecture is a combination of different forms of services. For Linux OPS engineers, your company needs to build a variety of servers, such as file sharing servers, Git servers, database servers, deployment of common Web architectures, large companies may also need DHCP servers, and so on.

Generally speaking, when you build a certain type of server, there will be an official instruction manual. For example, the construction of MySQL server, Git server and so on. Google to the official website according to the Tutorial manual step by step (× × find × ×, Baidu to the official website is also OK), basically close, of course, there are many netizens ready-made posts can be flipped through directly. It should be noted here that the version of Linux is different, and there will be some differences in service installation. When you encounter a problem search, it is recommended to add the release version of Linux, so that you can match the problem more accurately. You can rest assured that the problems you have encountered have already been encountered by countless people in front of you (happy to share and give feedback to future generations).

I won't say much about the high-end here, just get started, and don't give random directions. Here, I would also like to say a few more words combined with work experience. The Devops mentioned above is also a trend in the future. Linux operation and maintenance engineers will no longer be on duty 24 hours a day with computer rooms, servers and hardships. Automatic monitoring and automatic operation and maintenance will be the future development direction. Therefore, it is recommended to learn one more development language. According to the current analysis of the Internet environment at home and abroad, learning Python is correct and does not explain.

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