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Xiaobian to share with you which is the earliest computer, I believe most people still do not know how, so share this article for your reference, I hope you have a lot of harvest after reading this article, let's go to understand it together!

The earliest computers were the Atanasof-Berry computers, which used electrical energy and electronic components, in those days electronic vacuum tubes, binary rather than the usual decimal system, capacitors as memory, renewable and error-free, and direct logic operations.

The earliest computers were:

Probably many textbooks say: "The world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born on February 14, 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. But in fact, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was legally the world's first electronic computer, developed by John Vincent Atanasoff of Iowa State University and his graduate student Clifford Berry between 1937 and 1941.

Four characteristics of ABC

First, the use of electrical energy and electronic components, at that time is the electronic vacuum tube;

(2) binary system instead of the usual decimal system;

Third, the capacitor is used as a memory, which can be regenerated and avoid errors;

Fourth, perform direct logical operations instead of the usual numerical arithmetic.

manufacturing process

In the 1930s, Bulgarian-born Atanasov was an associate professor in the physics department of Iowa State University. When teaching students how to solve linear partial differential equations, he had to face complicated calculations, which were boring work that consumed a lot of time... Atanasov opened up new ideas and began exploring the possibility of using digital electronic technology for calculation work in 1935.

After two years of repeated research and experiments, the idea is clearer and clearer, and the design is generally clear. But he needed someone smart, mechanical, and hands-on to work on the invention, so he approached Clifford Berry, a graduate student in the physics department at the time.

The two men finally built a complete prototype in 1939, proving that their concept was correct and achievable. The prototype was called ABC, for the Atanasoff-Berry Computer that contained their names.

This computer is a combination of electronics and electrical appliances, the circuit system contains 300 electronic vacuum tubes to perform digital calculations and logic operations, the machine uses capacitors for numerical storage, data input uses punch card reading method, but also uses binary system. Thus, ABC's design incorporates four of the most important basic concepts of modern computers, and in this sense it is a truly modern electronic computer.

The first computer battle with ENIAC

Atanasoff's "Atanasoff-Berry Computer"(ABC) model machine is right on the threshold between analog and digital computing. After Babbage designed the difference and analytical engines, in the second half of the 19th century a number of physicists began to develop analog computing devices. In 1876, L. Kelvin, who discovered the second law of thermodynamics, and his brother developed a "tidal harmonic analyzer" that could calculate Fourier coefficients. In 1887, Michelson, an American physicist who, together with E. Morley, denied the existence of ether, developed a more accurate analyzer. In 1930, American scientist and educator Wan Bush (V Bush) and others developed a differential analyzer, which was used to calculate the fire table dozens of times faster than manual calculation. From ABC onwards, human computing advanced from analog to digital. ENIAC marks the formal entry of computers into the digital age.

On October 19, 1973, after 135 sessions, a Minnesota district court publicly ruled that "Mochelli and Eckert did not invent the first computer, but only took advantage of the ideas invented by Atanasov." "and invalidated Mochelli and Eckert's patents on the grounds that Atanasov had told Mochelli his initial idea for a computer as early as 1941. But Atanasoff's University of Iowa did not patent ABC, and the lawsuit was not filed by several computer designers themselves, but by two computer companies, Honeywell and Sperry Rand.

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