Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

This article will explain in detail the example analysis of the installation and configuration process of the Debian 7.8 system. The editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it with you for reference. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

Recently, I installed the Debian operating system on my computer, version 7.8 stable. Debian I believe you can understand, it is the foundation of Ubuntu, Ubuntu is based on Debian's unstable development. When I installed this system, the open source graphics card driver included in it could drive my AMD graphics card (Ubuntu before 14.04 could not be driven, and unique display should be disabled in bios), so a major heart disease was relieved.

I have four years of experience with Linux, but to my shame, I know nothing about Linux. Because there are many versions of this system, I tried to install every mainstream version: Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE, Manjaro, Chakra, Linuxmint, etc., all of which have some problems. OpenSUSE has a problem on my computer (others don't). Manjaro gives up because of poor Chinese support. Chakra cannot be started after installation. The update of Fedora was so radical that it hung up for a few days (I didn't have any experience at that time, so don't spray it, I'm sure I won't fail to use it now). In April 2014, the previous netbooks were eliminated. With a new computer, this computer is Lenovo G490-IFI.

Although the computer is pre-installed with Linux, this Linux version is a waste, is linpus lite, is based on Fedora development, is not compatible with Fedora's software repository, and its own software repository does not work. So after using it all night, I deleted the system and installed Ubuntu. The graphics card of this computer is AMD RADEON HD 8500 and the wireless network card is Broadcom 43142. At present, the latest version of the open source graphics card driver can already support this video card (not supported by Lmde 201403), but the wireless network card is the kind of network card that everyone calls for.

Therefore, I wrote down the process of installing Debian for reference to those in need. If you have any better suggestions, please give us more advice!

First of all, declare: in the following description, some operations have multiple methods, which I have basically written, there are graphical operations, there are command operations. For beginners, you can operate graphically without using command operations. If you use commands, please operate carefully to avoid problems with the system. The "#" before the following command means to operate under root permissions. If you don't understand, you can use graphical operations, or you can learn how to use root permissions.

If you have no experience, you must read each paragraph carefully!

1. System installation

In order to be safe and save trouble, I burn the CD-ROM installed system. When the CD starts, the interface displays Install, as well as other options. If you need to install additional desktops, please select Advanced Options below and select other desktops. If you see that all junior high school English has obsessive-compulsive disorder, please go out and turn left and choose the Windows system.

The installation process is more complex than Ubuntu, openSUSE and other systems, so the installation process must read the prompt text of each step carefully and handle it carefully. After the installation is complete, it is time for system configuration.

If you choose to have the system partition for you automatically, you will also be prompted to partition / home separately. It is strongly recommended that / home be partitioned separately. If the system needs to be reinstalled, the previous configuration file can be read, and the reinstalled software does not need to be configured. Of course, if the system crashes because of a configuration file error, you need to regenerate the configuration file, then you can delete all the configuration files, and the files stored by individuals, such as documents, music, videos, pictures, etc., can be protected from destruction.

2. System configuration

Before configuring the system, you must refresh the software source, otherwise the software cannot be installed, and it is useless for you to be in a hurry. See 2.1 for how to refresh the software source.

After the system is installed, some copyright-restricted plug-ins have been installed, the system can play audio and video in mp3, mp4 and other formats, and there will be no garbled problems. However, flash needs to be updated manually, as detailed in 2. 4.

2.1 Software Source

For Ubuntu users, I strongly do not recommend using mirror sources in China, it is best to use the main source. Because according to my experience, the software packages of the mirror sources in China (such as the open source mirror station of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, etc.) are incomplete, some of them are not available, but the official main sources do not have this problem. However, after my exploration, the Debian source does not have this problem, but when you select a part of the source, you either indicate that the Hash checksum does not match, or "the package is not verified" when installing the package. After my exploration, the Debian source of University of Science and Technology of China does not have this problem.

Modify the software source, many online posts suggest direct modification of sources.list, I personally do not recommend doing so. Because for beginners, this kind of sensitive operation is very easy to go wrong, and it requires command operation, which makes the novice accustomed to windows system feel that Linux is difficult to use. Whether it is Ubuntu or Debian, it can be modified in the graphical interface. The method is: Synaptic software package manager-settings-software library. Make changes with reference to the list of sources already given.

The selection of a faster source is more important for software installation and update in the system. However, some people don't know why I need to insert the DVD CD to install the software, because I add DVD as a local source to the source list by default. If you don't need it, you can uncheck the source cdrom:// in the "Software Library" settings. However, it is recommended to keep it, because Debian's DVD contains a lot of software, of which DVD 1 is the most common software. To configure basic desktops, you need to grab software packages from DVD 1 to install. If you plan to use unstable or testing, please remove the cdrom source and modify the other source to the corresponding version. For more information, please see the official wiki, which I will not repeat here.

Refresh software source method: click "Refresh" in the Synaptic package manager, or you can follow the following command:

# apt-get update

Or

# aptitide update

If you add a cdrom source, after inserting the CD, in the Synaptic package manager, edit-add CD-ROM, or run the following command:

# apt-cdrom add

2.2 Wireless Network Card driver

This is the trickiest, the biggest headache. When I installed it for the first time, I checked the information all afternoon and tried various methods. I first refer to the official wiki, but the method provided in wiki is not valid. I have Linux experience, so there is nothing wrong with my operation. After searching dozens of web pages, the installation was finally successful. The methods are as follows:

2.2.1 execute the following command:

# apt-get install linux-headers-$ (uname-r | sed's, [^ -] *-[^ -] * -,') build-essential dkms broadcom-sta-modules

2.2.2 install the driver:

# dpkg-I wireless-bcm43142-dkms_6.20.55.19-1_amd64.deb

This driver can be downloaded from the network. In fact, it can also be compiled by hand. If you want to compile this file yourself, you can search the Internet, because my school network situation is particularly bad, I can not open this page (this page is our domestic website, but our school network blocked a large number of domestic and foreign websites, such as CSDN, linuxsir, Baidu Tieba, Baidu snapshot, bing snapshot, etc., so I can not open this page).

2.2.3 activate the network card:

# modprobe wl

2.3 add a 32-bit runtime

Disclaimer: if your system is 64-bit, please read it carefully, if it is 32-bit, skip this section and continue to read 2.4.

For Ubuntu users (such as Ubuntu, Linuxmint, etc.), as well as openSUSE, the system has installed the 32-bit runtime by default. However, for Debian, the system does not have a default installation. The consequence of not installing the 32-bit runtime is that when you install wps, you prompt that the architecture of wps is not suitable for 64-bit systems. So, here's how to install the 32-bit runtime:

# dpkg-add-architecture i386

# apt-get update

# apt-get install ia32-libs libncurses5:i386

2.4 flash

The system comes with Iceweasel by default, and this browser is actually firefox. For firefox's flash, the official version will no longer be upgraded and will remain at 11.2 forever, but it is officially stated that they will always provide updates to version 11.2 of flash! When the system was first installed, the flash version was very low, so you need to upgrade manually. The upgrade method is as follows:

# apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

# update-flashplugin-nonfree-install

If you use a chromium browser, you need to install pepperflashplugin. In debian 7.8, pepperflashplugin cannot be installed directly from Synaptic, and a backports source needs to be added. However, some of the software in the backports source may affect the upgrade of the major version of the system, so use it with caution. If you use the backports source, please refer to releases notes when you upgrade the major release. Install pepperflashplugin as follows:

# aptitude-t wheezy-backports install pepperflashplugin-nonfree

# update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree-install

2.5 input method configuration

This is troublesome. If you have a networked installation during the installation process, this is not a problem. But if you are installed off the network, the fcitx input method cannot be typed when the system is first installed. Or you can type, but there is no input interface. What should I do with this?

The reason is that the complete package system of fcitx is not fully installed, which may be the developer's negligence. So, please open the Synaptic package manager, type fcitx to search, and confirm that the following packages are all installed:

Fcitx

Fcitx-bin

Fcitx-config-common

Fcitx-config-gtk

Fcitx-config-gtk2

Fcitx-data

Fcitx-frontend-all

Fcitx-frontend-gtk2:amd64

Fcitx-frontend-gtk3:amd64

Fcitx-frontend-qt4:amd64

Fcitx-googlepinyin

Fcitx-libs:amd64

Fcitx-module-dbus

Fcitx-module-kimpanel

Fcitx-module-x11

Fcitx-modules

Fcitx-pinyin

Fcitx-sunpinyin

Fcitx-table

Fcitx-table-wubi

Fcitx-tools

Fcitx-ui-classic

After all installation, you can use it after rebooting the system.

Special reminder: please do not try to install Sogou Input in 7.8 stable. Sogou Input relies on a higher version of fcitx, but the version of fcitx that comes with 7.8 stable is lower. If you really want to install Sogou, please use unstable or testing branch, or use ubuntu operating systems (such as ubuntu, linuxmint, etc.). Also, please do not use ppa to update fcitx, because ppa was invented by ubuntu developers and does not apply to Debian. If you prefer to use it, you will suffer the consequences.

After the above configuration steps, the basic system configuration is complete. Do you think it is easier to configure a Windows system (of course, someone has configured some plug-ins and viruses for you in pirated ghost windows systems)?

2.6 system updates

If you are using the gnome desktop, you can click "Software upgrade" on the desktop to upgrade the system software. For other desktops, please find them yourself. You can also use the following command:

# apt-get upgrade

Or

# aptitude upgrade

You can also click "Mark upgradeable packages" in the Synaptic package Manager, and then click "apply".

3. Installation of other software

I have installed a lot of software, including DVD, video, audio, games, network music players and so on. Below I recommend some software, their specific operating methods to explore their own, or their own information, I am not responsible for tutoring.

3.1 DVD production

What we're talking about here is not to make a video, but to generate a file in DVD format, so that the CD can be burned and played in a home DVD player. Of course, when you do not need this, do not spray, you do not need a CD-ROM drive, do not use CDs is your business, naturally there are people in need.

Recommended software: DeVeDe, all Chinese culture operation, easy to understand.

3.2 Audio production

Audacity is highly recommended. This software is enduring.

3.3 system cleanup

BleachBit .

3.4CD image, DVD, VCD crawl

K3b is recommended.

This software is also CD burning software, is based on the KDE desktop environment, but can run on the gnome desktop, can also run in other desktop environments. When you encounter such software again, don't ask others, "can I use it on the gnome desktop?"is it only available on the KDE desktop?" Asking others like this will think you are an idiot, so please use your head to think.

3.5 Video Editing

I like Kdenlive, and of course some people recommend other ones. I recommend this software because it is easy to operate and has many functions.

3.6 Picture Management

Digikam is recommended.

3.7 Dictionary

Goldendict is installed by default, but there is no thesaurus. Please use stardict's thesaurus. For more information, please refer to http://www.stardict.org/.

3.8 Office softwar

Libreoffice is installed by default, but the documents it saves may be malformed if opened using MS Office. There are two solutions: export to pdf file, or use domestic office software and WPS.

WPS has just been installed, it will prompt you that you are missing fonts, you can download the relevant fonts and put them in the ~ / .fonts folder. That is, create a new folder .fonts under the personal folder (pay attention to the dot in front), put the font in it, and the system can recognize it, and there is no need to put it in the system partition (except if your system has multiple users).

3.9 online music player

KWplayer is recommended. Address: https://github.com/LiuLang/kwplayer-packages

3.10 Baidu network disk

Bcloud is recommended. Address: https://github.com/LiuLang/bcloud-packages

3.11 online video player

Recommend "film and television assembly account". But let me be clear: film and television assembly number depends on a higher version of the library, in 7.8 stable, the library version is lower, if you want to use this software, please use unstable or testing branch.

Address: http://mvgather.com/

4. Safety reminder

4.1Please do not install the 360Security Guard for Linux. In order to avoid 360 mental retarded fans bothering me, I won't elaborate on it. For details, please read "for Linux usage results of 360 Security Guards". Website: http://www.v2ex.com/t/158380

4.2 use software of unknown origin with caution.

4.3 when the system has software that needs to be upgraded, be sure to upgrade.

5. System release update

Debian 8 is expected to be available in April. Users who use the 7.8 system can upgrade to 8, but because my school's network is very bad (I said you may not believe it, it's terrible), so I plan to upgrade the CD, download the first three DVD discs, burn them, and use them for system upgrade. You can refer to the release notes of Debian 8 for setup and upgrade. People who feel uncomfortable when they see English have two solutions: 1, use an English-Chinese dictionary to read; 2, turn left when they go out and use the windows system.

At that time, I will also post to record the process of upgrading the system with the CD. Please look forward to it.

6. Backup / restore the list of installed software packages

6.1 back up the package list on the current machine:

# dpkg-- get-selections > app-backup-list.txt

6.2 Import and reinstall all software on the reinstalled machine:

# dpkg-- set-selections < app-backup-list.txt

# apt-get-y update

# apt-get dselect-upgrade

On my computer, the tape recorder software on the gnome desktop has bug, which shows that it cannot be recorded when recording, and it pretends to die when it is closed. So reinstalling the system, or reinstalling the gnome-media package, can't solve this problem. I guess it's the bug of the system, and I look forward to fixing it when Debian 8 comes out. (the current desktop version: Gnome 3.4.2 Magi Debian 8 will use version 3.14).

This is the end of the article on "sample Analysis of the installation and configuration process of Debian 7.8 system". I hope the above content can be of some help to you, so that you can learn more knowledge. if you think the article is good, please share it for more people to see.

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.