Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

1.1 introduction of the main components of computers and important knowledge combined with production scenarios

The servers that operation and maintenance personnel come into contact with in the production environment are generally PC servers, and many of them are rack-mounted. Tower servers may also be used in the traditional manufacturing industry, and there are more common servers 1U, 2U, 4U, 5U.

1U=4.45cm

The most popular server used by Internet and mobile Internet companies is DELL, followed by IBM and other brands.

The main components of the mainframe computer: CPU, memory, hard disk, motherboard, video card, network card, power supply.

1) Power supply: ensure the power supply of the computer

Function: a qualified power supply is very important to the computer. The power supply is like the heart of the human body, providing fresh blood at any time. The inferior power supply not only affects the normal use of the computer, but also damages the motherboard, graphics card, CPU and other accessories, and the electromagnetic radiation generated by the power supply will also pose a potential threat to the human body. In the server field, the role of power supply is more important, so servers are generally equipped with dual power supplies (redundant power supplies). With the exception of single power supply for application servers using clusters, it is recommended to have dual power supplies, because the WEB servers generally maintained by OPS cannot be down (7 X 24-hour service), and Ctrip lost US $12 million for 10 hours of downtime.

2) Motherboard: a platform that provides the connection of computer accessories

The motherboard and CPU are the most important components of the computer, and all boards must play a role through the motherboard. The performance and quality of the motherboard directly affect the whole system. The motherboard is combined according to different architecture standards and different main components and interfaces. The motherboard is important to the server, but not so important to the operators.

3) CPU: the most important part of a computer

A control center in a computer that is responsible for calculating and controlling other components. Equivalent to the brain of the human body.

Any operation in the computer (data input, storage, program running, screen realization, result printing) is completed under the control of CPU. CPU determines the speed and efficiency of a computer more than any other part of the computer.

4) memory: a temporary memory in a computer

Function: the memory is responsible for the data transfer of the computer and cannot be saved permanently. Its capacity and speed directly determine the speed of data transmission by the computer, and CPU and hard disk are called the three major parts of the computer.

Function: memory is the memory that CPU can access directly. CPU reads instructions and data from memory and sends the results of operation or processing back to memory.

Note: CPU is still much faster than memory, so there is a cache area L1 L2 L3 between CPU and memory (depending on CPU)

5) BIOS chip: CMOS chip

Be responsible for the self-test, setting and saving of the components on the motherboard after being powered on, and only when everything is normal can the operating system be started.

It records the most basic information of the computer and is the most basic bridge between software and hardware. Without it, the computer can not work properly. There are three common BIOS chips: Award, AMI and Phoenix.

6) bus expansion slot:

According to the function is divided into memory expansion slot, PCI/ISA expansion slot (now basically eliminated), AGP, PCI, PCIE graphics card slot and so on.

7) hard disk: a mass storage

Function: mainly used for long-term storage of data (such as video, audio, text and other data), is an indispensable accessory for modern computers.

Function: because a large amount of data is exchanged between CPU, input and output devices and memory when the computer is working, the access speed and capacity of memory is also one of the main factors affecting the running speed of the computer. Especially in the server optimization scenario, the performance of the hard disk is an important factor that determines the performance of the website, so the operation and maintenance staff in the work of optimizing the hard disk is also an important means.

Main categories of hard drives: IDE, SCSI (these two are eliminated), SATA, SAS, SSD

8) Video card:

Function: graphics card provides fast processing of image data, graphics card is also one of the important components of the computer, and it is also one of the fastest parts to update. At present, many 3D games have high requirements for graphics cards. So we have to pay for a graphics card to upgrade. In general, the website server does not need to pay attention to the graphics card, except for some scenarios that do deep learning or animation, video and other applications, the performance of the graphics card needs special attention.

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