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NGWS Runtime

NGWS and NGWS Runtime provide you with a runtime environment. The runtime manages the execution of code and provides services that make programming easier. As long as your compiler supports this runtime, you will benefit from this managed execution environment.

You're right to guess that the C # compiler supports NGWS runtime, but not only does it support NGWS runtime,VB and C++ also supports it. The code created to support the runtime is called managed code (managed code). Here are the benefits your application gets from NGWS runtime:

◆ Cross language Integration (via Common language Specification)

◆ automatic memory management (garbage collection)

◆ cross-language exception handling (unified deployment)

◆ enhances security (including type safety)

◆ version support ("DLL Hell" Terminator)

◆ component interaction simplification mode

Because NGWS runtime provides all these benefits, the compiler must emit metafiles along with managed code. The metafile describes the type in the code that exists with your code (similar to PE-PE is a variable bit execution file)

As you can see from many cross-language features, NGWS runtime is mainly about highly integrated cross-heterogeneous programming languages (tight integration across multiple different programming languages). This support allows you to derive a C # class from a VB object (I'll discuss it later).

One feature that C # programmers will like is that they don't have to worry about memory management-that is, they don't have to worry about infamous memory leaks. NGWS runtime provides memory management so that the garbage collector releases objects and variables when their lifetime ends (they are no longer referenced). I really like this feature because memory management in COM has always been a worry for me.

The configuration of a management application or component should be encouraged. Because the management application contains metadata files, NGWS runtime can take advantage of this information to ensure that your application has the required versions of it. The obvious effect is that since your code is not dependent on each other, interruptions are rarely possible.

The rest of this chapter discusses NGWS runtime's C # intermediate language and metadata until your C # application can be executed.

C # intermediate language and metadata

The managed code generated by the C# compiler is not the original code, but it is intermediate language code. This intermediate language code itself becomes the entrance to the managed execution process of NGWS runtime. The obvious advantage of intermediate language code is that it is CPU independent, which means that you have to use a compiler on the target machine to convert the intermediate language code into the original code.

Although intermediate language code is generated by the compiler, it is not the only thing the compiler provides to the runtime. The compiler also generates metadata about your code, which tells the runtime more about your code, such as definitions of various types, signatures of members of various types, and other data. Basically, metadata is a type library, registry contents, and other information for COM. However, the metadata is merged directly with the executed code and is not in an isolated position.

The C # intermediate language and metadata are stored in files that extend the PE format (PE format is used for. Exe and. Dll file). When such a PE file is loaded, the runtime locates and separates intermediate languages and metadata from the file.

Before going any further, I'd like to give you a short list of the intermediate language instructions you already have. Although it is not a complete list and does not require you to memorize and understand it, it lists the knowledge base on which your C# program is based.

◆ arithmetic and logic operators

◆ control flow

◆ direct memory access

◆ stack operation

◆ parameters and local variables

◆ stack allocation

◆ object mode

◆ instance type value

◆ critical region

◆ array

◆ typing position

◆ just-in-time compiler (JITters)

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