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This article mainly introduces big data in the chart drawing and processing of the commonly used software, the article is very detailed, has a certain reference value, interested friends must read it!

The commonly used paper chart drawing software includes Excel, Origin, Sigmplot, Graphpad, Matlab, Python, R and so on, as shown in figure 1-2-1. The charts of each drawing software have different chart styles.

1. Common drawing software

I have listed seven commonly used drawing softwares for academic papers as shown in Table 1-2-1. From the point of view of skill requirements, it can be divided into two categories: programming and interface operation.

Such as Excel, Origin, Sigmaplot, GraphPad these four software, do not need programming, just click the interface button to draw a chart. Although these tools are very easy to use, there are some drawbacks. There is no doubt that the operation of the mouse is very convenient, but it is followed by the loss of some flexibility. You can change colors, fonts and headings, but only those elements provided by the software. These software can only be used by you to adapt to its operating rules and allow you to use existing charts, not to create new ones.

Software such as Matlab, Python and R requires programming to draw charts. The software itself contains a lot of data visualization functions (function) or packages (package) for users to draw. Especially for situations where repeated operations are required for different datasets, if you use drawing software, you may need to reimplement the drawing process from beginning to end, while it is easier to deal with the data through code, because you only need to change the code a little for different data sets. If you have a good grasp of code and algorithms, you can also write your own functions to design novel charts.

1.1 R

One of the advantages of R over all other software is that it is designed for data analysis. R is the language and operating environment for statistical analysis and drawing. R is a free, free and open source software belonging to GNU system. It is an excellent tool for statistical calculation and statistical mapping. R language has a series of data visualization packages (packages), including lattice, leaflet, playwith, atticist, iplots, ggvis, ggmaps, and the popular ggplot2 package (two classic books about ggplot2: "ggplot2 Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis" and "R.Graphics.Cookbook"). The official website of the R language ggplot2 package: Function reference ggplot2

In addition, R also provides some mapping functions, and Regional data Analysis (CRAN Task View: Analysis of Spatial Data) provides a comprehensive list of R toolkits for regional analysis. The practical Guide to Geostatistical Mapping (A Practical Guide to Geostatistical Mapping) provides free downloadable e-books on how to use R and other tools to analyze spatial data.

1.2 Python

Python is an object-oriented interpretive computer programming language. Python has a rich and powerful library. It is often nicknamed glue language and can easily connect various modules made in other languages (especially CpicurCraft +). Python also has a series of data visualization packages (packages), including Pandas, Matplotlib, Seaborn, ggplot, Bokeh, Pygal, etc. (see Overview of Python Visualization Tools)

The official website of Matplotlib package: Python plotting-Matplotlib 2.0.2 documentation

The official website of Seaborn package: Seaborn: statistical data visualization

The official website of ggplot package: ggplot | Home.

1.3 Matlab

MATLAB is a commercial mathematics software produced by MathWorks Company in the United States, which is an advanced technical computing language and interactive environment for algorithm development, data visualization, data analysis and numerical calculation. MATLAB can perform matrix operations, draw functions and data, implement algorithms, create user interfaces, and connect programs in other programming languages. It is mainly used in engineering calculation, control design, signal processing and communication, image processing, signal detection, financial modeling design and analysis and other fields. Matlab software itself provides many drawing functions to meet the basic needs of data visualization: MATLAB Plot Gallery. However, there are two other Matlab drawing packages that are recommended: PlotPub and Gramm. Among them, the Gramm package implements the R ggplot2 drawing style in Matlab, which greatly improves the beauty of Matlab drawing.

The official website of PlotPub package: masumhabib/PlotPub

The official website of Gramm package: piermorel/gramm

1.4 Sigmaplot

Sigmaplot is a scientific drawing software! It is extremely easy to use SigmaPlot to draw precise patterns. At present, there are more than 100, 000 users, specially designed for scientists. This software allows you to create any desired pattern by yourself, you can insert multiple horizontal or vertical axes, specify the direction of Error bar, make your map more brilliant, as long as you use SigmaPlot to dynamically link the map to other software display use, and output to EPS, TIFF, JPEG and other graphics format, or placed on your website for browsing. It is very suitable for places where dynamic graphics are displayed on the website, such as weather, temperature and so on.

1.5 Origin

Origin is a popular professional function drawing software produced by OriginLab Company. It is recognized as a software with easy to learn, flexible operation and powerful function. It can not only meet the mapping needs of general users, but also meet the needs of advanced users' data analysis and function fitting. Since its appearance in 1991, Origin has become one of the most popular analysis software in the world because of its easy operation and open function. It is recognized as a fast, flexible and easy-to-learn engineering drawing software. Origin 2017 version adds a number of color-themed schemes, which can greatly improve the aesthetics of the chart.

1.6 Graphpad

GraphPad Prism is a data processing software that integrates data analysis and mapping, especially suitable for biomedicine, which can directly input the original data to obtain high-quality scientific charts. It is inferior to SPSS and other statistical software in statistical analysis, but does not need to input program language, only needs to input original data, easy to operate and beautiful drawing. Can be linked to ppt,word.

1.7 Excel

Almost everyone knows this software. Microsoft Excel, one of the components of Microsoft's office software Microsoft office, is a spreadsheet software written and run by Microsoft for computers with Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems. Excel is an important part of Microsoft office software, which can process all kinds of data, statistical analysis and auxiliary decision-making operations. it is widely used in management, statistical finance, finance and many other fields. Excel can realize the drawing of most two-dimensional charts and the basic data processing and analysis. For more information, please refer to "the Beauty of Excel data: scientific Chart and Business Chart drawing".

Case analysis

In order to better learn the style of these seven drawing software, we now use the same data set to draw four chart types: scatter chart, curve chart, (stacked) column chart and box chart, as shown in figure 1-2-2 to-8.

1. Figure 1-2-2 R ggplot2's chart style is the most unique and beautiful, and this kind of chart is also directly used in some papers. Using R ggplot2 Set3's color theme, the background of the drawing area is filled with gray with RGB (229,229,229), and white gridlines [primary gridlines are RGB (255,255,255), minor gridlines are RGB (242,242,242)]

two。 Figure 1-2-3 Python Seaborn's chart style is also very distinctive, using the color theme scheme of the Seaborn package, the background of the drawing area is filled with light blue with RGB (234d234,242), and the white main grid lines (no secondary grid lines) of RGB (255,255,255).

3. Figure 1-2-4 is a chart drawn programmatically using Matlab 2014b, using Matlab's default color theme scheme Parula, with gridlines set to none. The chart drawn by Matlab directly through the function (Function) can be optimized by the chart editor, but it can not fill the color of the box chart. If Matlab uses the Gramm package, you can draw more beautiful charts.

4. Figures 1-2-5 to-7 correspond to the charts drawn by Sigmaplot, Origin, and GraphPad, respectively, which are the most common academic charts. Their chart style is basically the same: the background filling color in the drawing area is RGB (255255255) white, which can lead to a less complex background, especially when the chart size is small to ensure a clear display of data; these charts use the default color theme of drawing software, due to different software color themes, the same chart style in time, will also lead to greater aesthetic differences in the beauty of the chart.

5. Figure 1-2-8 is a chart drawn using Excel, using the Excel default color theme scheme "Office 2007-2010". Excel 2016 adds several new chart types, including tree views, box charts, and so on; Excel 2013 and previous versions can only implement box charts indirectly by stacking column charts.

The selection of tools drawing software is always just a tool to use. In the final analysis, the analysis of the data and the design of the chart are up to you. As long as the basic drawing ideas and ideas are integrated, one of the drawing software can be used to draw the chart style of other software. "the Beauty of Excel data: scientific Chart and Business Chart drawing" is to use Excel to realize the chart style of other drawing software, including R, Python, Matlab and other chart styles with distinctive features.

If you plan to delve into your data and may (or hope to) come into contact with a large number of data-related projects in the future, spending some time learning programming now will eventually save time on other projects. and the work will be more impressive. Your programming skills will be improved with each project, and you will find programming easier and easier.

There are swords in my heart, fallen leaves and flying flowers, all weapons!

two。 Image processing software

In the paper, it is necessary to save the chart as a picture with a certain resolution and format, and then insert it into the document. Sometimes the size, resolution and format of the picture need to be adjusted to meet the contribution requirements of the journal. The following mainly introduces three commonly used image editing and processing software: Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator and Paint.

2.1 Photoshop

Photoshop ("PS" for short) mainly deals with digital images composed of pixels. Using its many editing and drawing tools, the picture editing work can be carried out effectively. PS has many functions, such as image, graphics, text, video, publishing and so on. Photoshop specializes in image processing, not graphics creation. Image processing is the editing and processing of existing bitmap images and the use of some special effects, which focuses on image processing; graphics creation software is in accordance with their own ideas, the use of vector graphics to design graphics.

Photoshop China official product page: Adobe Photoshop CS6

2.2 Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is an industry-standard vector illustration software for publishing, multimedia and online images. As a very good vector graphics processing tool, Adobe Illustrator is widely used in printing and publishing, poster and book typesetting, professional illustration, multimedia image processing and Internet page production.

Adobe Illustrator is the standard of the design industry. Every chart sent to the New York Times was created or edited in Illustrator. Illustrator is widely used in printing because it deals with vector graphics, not pixels. This means that you can enlarge the picture without losing the quality of the display. On the other hand, if you enlarge a low-resolution photo (which is made up of a fixed number of pixels), you will find that the image is seriously distorted.

Adobe Illustrator official product page: Adobe Illustrator CC.

VectorTuts (Graphic Design & Illustration Tutorials by Envato Tuts+) provides a large number of concise tutorials for using Illustrator.

2.3 Paint

After all, the interface of the first two image processing software is complex, especially for beginners. In addition, sometimes there is no need to use these advanced software for simple picture editing, so I recommend an image processing software that comes with Window: Paint (drawing). Drawing "program is a bitmap editor, you can edit pictures in various bitmap formats, users can draw their own pictures, or edit and modify the scanned pictures. After editing, they can be archived in BMP,JPG,GIF and other formats, and users can also send them to the desktop or other documents.

When users want to use the drawing tool, they can click the "start" button and click "all programs" | "Accessories" | "drawing". At this time, the user can enter the "drawing" interface.

3. Commonly used screenshot software

3.1 FastStone Capture

FSCapture is a screen capture tool with small size and powerful functions. It not only has the functions of conventional screenshots, but also has the functions of obtaining images from scanners and converting images into PDF documents. Especially commendable is that its screenshot, its own (image view / editor), powerful, can meet the screenshot, a variety of image annotation, cutting adjustment and other needs, its function is no less than Windows's Paint software. And version 7.0 began to add the screen recording function, the quality is comparable to professional screen recording software. Is an essential extension assistant in Windows.

The reason why I like to use this software best is. When saving a picture after taking a screenshot, the resolution of the picture can be set to a range of 96-600 DPI, which is a feature that many other screenshot software cannot achieve. In particular, many papers require a resolution of at least 300DPI.

FSCapture official website: http://www.faststone.org/FSCapturerDownload.htm

3.2 ACDsee

ACDsee is one of the most popular tools for looking at pictures. It provides a good operating interface, simple and humane mode of operation, high-quality fast graphics decoding, support for rich graphics formats, powerful graphics file management functions and so on. Among them, it also has a very powerful screenshot function. The screenshot software does not change the resolution of the picture after the screenshot, while other screenshots generally change the resolution of the picture.

Open the ACDsee → tool → screenshot → Select "Source" and "destination" → to start → while pressing Ctrl + Shift + P → to draw the area (or save) →. Be sure to set the format and resolution of the picture when saving.

ACDsee official website: ACD Systems-Photo Editing Management Software

These are all the contents of this article entitled "what are the common software for chart drawing and processing in big data?" Thank you for your reading! Hope to share the content to help you, more related knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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