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This article introduces the knowledge of "what is GeoSatoshi". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma. Then let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

Abstract. A pure end-to-end open source ecosystem allows the integration, storage, and distribution of geospatial data. Blockchain technology provides part of this solution, but the main part of the system is missing, that is, if trusted third parties are required to manage and control the system. This proposal put forward by the geospatial information community is a digital commercial system based on blockchain technology, which will encourage and promote the establishment of high-quality geospatial data. In order to encourage high-quality data, both authors and visitors are rewarded with ecosystem GeoSatoshi digital coins. Block chain technology is used to solve several problems of geospatial data: accessibility, centralized ownership and global affordability. Browsing data is free to facilitate open access to data, but downloading features requires GeoSatoshi coin to pay as a currency. Anonymity is suggested to reduce the impact of coercion from dire threats and to promote data collection in non-traditional but ethical methods. Through the blockchain method, the data is not sent, but accessed through key. The proposed system uses digital currency to encourage institutions to disclose their private data to benefit the geospatial data community on a larger scale.

1. Brief introduction

Geospatial data contains the key to solving the environmental problems facing our world. For scientists and engineers around the world, it is essential that data can be retrieved and accessed. An obvious problem is that geospatial data is scattered in every corner of the Internet, including public and private storage space. Data is continuously built internally at the level of large organizations, but there is no technology to integrate the data and connect users.

In order to solve the problem of data fragmentation, modern methods strive to integrate it into a central spatial database. Various organizations invest in manpower, hardware and software, but the resulting systems and data are limited to access within the organization. This investment behavior isolates valuable and needed data from the huge geospatial information community. This kind of enterprise spatial database solves the problem of data integration within the organization, but it is a failure for the larger goal of the global geospatial information community to require open data access.

We need a system to integrate and distribute high-quality geospatial data, based on encrypted and trusted communities, without centralization and ownership of data for trusted parties. The project is expected to grow rapidly and store data sets that have been publicly available for many years on the blockchain. Superior to traditional trading systems, this ecosystem creates a space for the geospatial information community to exchange and create high-quality data, but on top of a decentralized, scalable public storage system.

two。 An ecosystem for GIS users

The proposed scheme is an untrusted ecosystem with no centralized authorization and encourages community users to interact with each other through encrypted trust mechanisms. Requests for the construction of geospatial data are submitted through GeoSatoshi digital coins. This creates a decentralized and secure space that allows the open exchange of geospatial data through digital currencies. Ensure the integrity of the data on the block chain through the proposed built-in two-tier quality control mechanism. The use of GeoSatoshi digital coins is also designed to encourage institutions to sell their own private data to the community, through blockchain systems and data currencies.

3. Geospatial features (Geospatial Features)

The main asset of geographic information block chain is geospatial feature object (geospatial feature). We define geospatial features as points, lines, and polygons with attributes and values. GeoJSON is the recommended format for storage on the blockchain. Features that belong to a GIS layer are associated with that layer using attribute values. The topological logic information is recommended to be stored in each feature, and the topological relationship is enforced in the application layer. Feature-level transactions simplify data transactions and data sharing for community users. Feature objects can be sent to users through the block chain without the need to physically transfer a large amount of data, such as the traditional email method.

4. Transaction (Transactions)

We define electronic money as the result of encryption work used to encrypt transactions (Nakamoto, 2). The transaction takes place at the feature level and requires the use of GeoSatoshi coin digital currency. The blockchain solves the problem of "double flowers" of GeoSatoshi coin digital currency and the double sale of geo-spatial features. The decentralized feature of blockchain provides feature trading capabilities that do not require centralization authorization. Feature trading is carried out through applications such as wallets and exchanges on the block chain.

The data submitted to the blockchain should be of high quality, otherwise the project will fail. In order to pursue quality, the project proposes a two-tier quality control system. The system helps the community to enhance the geographic information block chain through the enhancement of quality data. The proposed system allows the community to help strengthen its own geoblockchain by participating in the enforcement of quality data. These proposed mechanisms allow community members to increase the value of their digital coins by strengthening the quality standards submitted to the blockchain.

Downloading geographic features from the blockchain is a transaction that costs GeoSatoshi coin. Uploading data to the block chain is proposed to go through a two-part verification process. First, the created data is submitted to the level 1 datapool. Other users of the system (who may or may not know the data creator) then review the data browsing for level 1. If the data creator does not review this for the job selection, it is recommended. The confirmed level 1 data is submitted to the level 2 data pool, which is randomly selected for final quality control. It is recommended that a random method be used to counter collusion to protect community users. Methods chosen by random users are designed in the network to prevent collusive attackers by creating low-quality digital money or destroying projects with erroneous data.

Transaction anonymity is a recommended option to protect users of the ecosystem. The final submitted review data should not be anonymous because they are responsible for starting the payment to the data creator and the pair reviewer. The system can be gamed if anonymous poor-quality work is being created and submitted for other anonymous users to approve for coin payment.

5. Timestamp Server (timestamp), Proof-of-Work (proof of workload) and Network (Network)

"The timestamp proves that the data must have existed at that [published broadcast] time, obviously, in order to get the hash. Each timestamp includes the previous timestamp in its hash, forming a chain, with each additional timestamp reinforcing the ones before it." (Nakamoto, 2). This process builds a chain of blocks, which is achieved by locking blocks with encrypted hash values.

A distributed timestamp server can be defeated if the attacker gathers enough computing power to make the network follow the attacker's link and deviate from the normal link. "To implement a distributed timestamp server on a peer-to-peer basis, we will need to use a proof-of-work system" (Nakamoto, 3)

The work proof system (proof-of-work system) maintains links to normal nodes and intelligently defends against attacks. "If a majority of CPU power is controlled by honest nodes, the honest chain will grow the fastest and outpace any competing chains. To modify a past block, an attacker would have to redo the proof-of-work of the block and all blocks after it and then catch up with and surpass the work of the honest nodes." As Nakamoto's calculations show (Nakamoto, 6-7), the difficulty for attackers to create attack chains to replace normal chains increases exponentially.

6. Incentive mechanism

An incentive system is proposed to reward the user community for working for high-quality data and to encourage institutions to submit private data to the block chain so that the community can access it. In the community, the system uses a digital currency-based reward system to submit high-quality geospatial data to the block chain. The reward structure is weighted, with creators, level 1 reviewers and final reviewers getting 60%, 15% and 25%, respectively. The incentive mechanism recommends that the private sector be encouraged to contribute private data to the blockchain and trade through digital currency so that more private data is available to geospatial communities.

Workload proof (Proof-of-work) is a way to achieve secure transactions, to build block chains, and to create community digital currency through GPU mining. Mining (GPU mining) is a recommended method of workload proof, which requires geospatial information software users to use high-end graphics cards and workstations. In this case, it is a good match for users who are famous for using GPU for blockchain workload. GPU mining advocates doing it through ASIC mining, which allows more community members to participate and minimizes the capital investment of users.

These two proposed incentive mechanisms provide users with a way to earn digital money without investing heavily. This incentive mechanism is fair to all community members regardless of their socio-economic status. The proposed system will not solve the problem of inaccessibility of data when users cannot afford the financial input to access it. At any time, if data restrictions from the community are found, the project will be redesigned or abandoned if the goal of bringing geospatial data into the hands of users to improve our lives and the planet is not achieved. If at any point the project is found to be restricting data from the community, the project should be redesigned or abandoned as the main purpose of the project is to put geospatial data in the hands of those who can improve lives or our planet.

7. Organizational Node Hosting (institutional node hosting)

Organizations usually have GIS professional clusters, as well as a global distribution of GIS users. As an enterprise-level configuration, the centralized spatial database is used for the access of client software. Historically, institutions have invested a lot of capital to collect and construct geospatial data. Both public and private organizations play an important role in geospatial data developers, and institutions will be seen as allies of the project.

When an organization hosts a node, it becomes a peer node (peer node) in the network. The agency does not have the authority to control the node, such as turning it on or off. If they do not abide by the agreed behavior, the community ecosystem will exclude this node. Organizations benefit from this node by providing resources to the community to enhance the entire network.

Organizations will benefit from faster access to high-quality data without having to spend expensive to maintain their data servers. This may take a long time to download geospatial data because of its large potential. Local node hosting can greatly benefit because slower Internet access can be reduced.

8. Simplified Payment Verification (simplified payment checkout), Combining and Splitting Value (value splitting and merging), Privacy & Hostile Takeovers (Privacy and malicious takeover)

This proposed ecosystem uses the same features of Nakamoto's success: simplified payment checking, merging and splitting values, and privacy. Simplifying payment verification requires checking to see if the universal node (Nakamoto, 5) is running on the chain, which is done by using header information. Instead of transferring every minute of the system, values can be split and merged (Nakamoto, 5). The privacy mechanism allows everyone to see every transaction, but there is no way to know who the address of the transaction is (Nakamoto, 6). This ecosystem tends to build a community, so privacy mechanisms are only used where users need to protect themselves. Nakamoto's white paper calculates the chances of a network attacker's success under the proposed infrastructure (Nakamoto, 5-8). The best way for an attacker is through the network, which will require the attacker to be able to create a much more powerful arithmetic chain (Nakamoto, 6).

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