Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Time flies, time flies, the next year has been working for 3 years. From a workplace newcomer gradually familiar with the workplace work style, adapt to the workplace work environment, learned a lot of knowledge, but also summed up a lot of experience. The goal now is to polish yourself one step at a time, hoping to become irreplaceable after replacing others as soon as possible.

My job is an operation and maintenance engineer, from the beginning to now become the leader of the operation and maintenance team, responsible for several small partners of the group. I recall that when I was studying Linux at that time, I was looking for tutorials on the Internet, and then typing commands and taking notes according to one article after another. Recently, I have time to sort out the relatively basic knowledge of Linux. I am ready to record some records and experiences of my previous studies and put them on my blog. I also hope to give some help to other friends who want to enter the Linux pit. Along the road taken by others, it will always be better and make progress faster than their own mindless rampage.

First talk about the structure of the Linux directory and the role of each directory, the operation of Linux is a pure command window without interface, so it is necessary to be familiar with the directory structure.

First, there are four file types of Linux:

1. Shareable: directories that can be shared with other systems for mounting, so data such as execution files and user mail are directories that can be shared with other hosts on the network.

two。 Can not be shared: the device files running on your own machine or the socket files related to the program, which are only related to your own machine, are certainly not suitable for sharing with other hosts.

3. Immutable: some data do not change frequently and do not change with distribution. Such as function libraries, file description files, host service configuration files managed by system administrators, and so on.

4. Changeable: data that changes frequently, such as login files, newsgroups that ordinary users can receive on their own, etc.

In fact, FHS only defines what data should be placed under the three-tier directory for the directory tree architecture, which are the definitions of the following three directories:

/ (root, root directory): related to boot system

/ usr (unix software resource): related to software installation / execution

/ var (variable): related to the operation of the system.

/: root directory, the entry of the Linux file system. It is also the highest level of catalogue.

/ etc: directory of system configuration files. It is not recommended to store executable files in this directory. Important configuration files are / etc/inittab, / etc/fstab, / etc/init.d, / etc/X11, / etc/sysconfig, / etc/xinetd.d, etc. Remember to back up before modifying the configuration files.

/ usr: the directory where the application is stored and the installation path of the software

/ usr/lib: store some library files that cannot be run directly, but are necessary for many programs to run.

/ usr/bin: store applications

/ usr/share: store shared data

/ usr/lib: store some library files that cannot be run directly, but are necessary for many programs to run.

/ usr/local: store the software upgrade package.

/ usr/share/doc: the directory where the system documentation is stored.

/ usr/share/man: the directory where the program description files are stored.

/ var: place files that change frequently during the execution of the system

/ var/log: log files that may change at any time

/ var/log/message: all login files are stored in the directory

/ var/spool/mail: the directory where the mail is stored

/ var/run: after a program or service starts, its PID (port number) is stored in this directory.

/ lib: the directory of the function library used by the system. When the program needs to call some additional parameters during execution, it needs the assistance of the function library. The more important directory is / lib/modules.

/ bin: directory for executable binaries, such as the commonly used commands ls, tar, mv, cat, etc.; similar to / usr/bin

/ home: the default user home directory of the system. When you add a user account, the user's home directory is stored in this directory. ~ represents the current user's home directory, and ~ test represents the user's test home directory. Users' personal files are stored in this directory.

/ tmp: the directory where files are temporarily stored by ordinary users or executing programs, which can be accessed by anyone. Important data cannot be placed in this directory.

For these directory structures, friends who want to learn should remember them by heart. When I first learned these, I visited many websites and forums, such as Uncle Bird's article on the Linux system, but the supported version of the tutorial system could be used at that time, but with the update of several versions of the Linux system, some have not adapted to it, such as the firewall, the old version of iptabels and the new version of firewall. Now it is recommended to use Liu Jie's "this is how to learn Linux", this textbook is based on the latest enterprise version of Linux system-RHEL7, in line with the Linux system used by most enterprises, even if some companies use the community version of centos7, there is little difference between the two, the same can be used.

I was going to recommend two Linux online learning sites for your own use.

Rookie tutorial: many friends should know that this website has updated many types of learning resources, all of which are entry-level. Friends who want to study and join the pit can give it a try.

Linuxprobe: this website turns out to be the same website that I recommend books of the same name. Learn about the content of the book "this is how to learn Linux" online. Then there is some practical information to share, and Linux books can be downloaded.

Finally, I hope that all my friends can toss out the achievements they want and the expected tomorrow on the road of operation and maintenance of Linux.

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