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This article will share with you about the main functions of the network layer in the iso/osi reference model. The editor thinks it is very practical, so share it with you as a reference and follow the editor to have a look.

In the iso/osi reference model, the main functions of the network layer include: packet and packet switching, routing, network connection multiplexing, error detection and recovery, service selection, network management, flow control, congestion control, network interconnection, fragmentation and reorganization.

The network layer is the third layer of the OSI reference model, between the transport layer and the data link layer. It further manages the data communication in the network on the function of transmitting data frames between two adjacent endpoints provided by the data link layer, and transmits data from the source to the destination through several intermediate nodes, thus providing the most basic end-to-end data transmission service to the transport layer.

The network layer mainly provides services for the transport layer. In order to provide services to the transport layer, the network layer must use the services provided by the data link layer.

The main function of the data link layer is to solve the communication between the two directly adjacent nodes, but it is not responsible for solving the communication problem when the data passes through multiple transfer nodes in the communication subnet. in order to realize the transparent transmission of data between the two end systems, the data on the source side can reach the destination transparently through multiple transfer nodes in the communication subnet. So that the transport layer does not have to care about the topology of the network and the communication media and switching technologies used, the network layer must have the following functions:

Packet and packet switching: packets received from the transport layer are encapsulated into packets (Packet, also known as "packets") and transmitted down to the data link layer.

Routing: select the most appropriate path for the packet through the communication subnet through the routing algorithm.

Network connection multiplexing: creates a logical link for the transmission of packets between nodes in the communication subnet and multiplexes multiple network connections on one data link (mostly using time division multiplexing technology).

Error detection and recovery: generally, the header checksum in the packet is used for error checking, and the confirmation and retransmission mechanism is used for error recovery.

Service selection: the network layer can provide Datagram and virtual circuit services for the transport layer, but the network layer of Internet only provides Datagram services for the transport layer.

Network management: manage the data communication process in the network, transfer the data from the source to the destination through several intermediate nodes, and provide the most basic end-to-end data transmission service for the transport layer.

Flow control: flow control is realized through flow shaping technology to prevent the performance of the communication subnet from deteriorating due to excessive traffic.

Congestion control: when the data flow of the network exceeds the rated capacity, it will cause network congestion, resulting in a sharp decline in network throughput. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate control measures to dredge.

Network interconnection: connect one network to another to achieve cross-network communication between users.

Fragmentation and reorganization: if the packet to be sent exceeds the allowed length of the protocol data unit, the network layer of the source node will fragment the packet, and after the fragment reaches the destination host, the network layer of the destination node will be reassembled into the original packet.

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