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A status of "expired" means that the backup piece or backup set is not found in the backup destination. With tape management systems, the automated tape library routines will expire files on the tape once a certain period of time has passed. RMAN uses this terminology to say that the tape management system has expired the file. It is no longer available. Therefore, the backup piece is expired as well.

A status of "obsolete" means the backup piece is still available, but it is no longer needed.

Expired indicates that the backup slice or backup set cannot be found. In the era of tape drives, the auto-running tape library policy will periodically expire files on tapes, a term used by RMAN. If the backup set or slice expires, it indicates that the backup set or slice is no longer available. If we run crosscheck, records that do not exist in the file will be recorded as expired.

Obsolete shows that the backup film is still there, but it is no longer needed. This judgment is based on the relevant part we set in the configure command. For example, we set our retention policy to redundancy2, indicating that we keep two backups. If we are making a backup, the oldest one becomes obsolete. If the FRA is full, the backup in obsolete status can be overwritten.

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Https://searchoracle.techtarget.com/answer/What-is-the-difference-between-obsolete-and-expired-status

Https://neeraj-dba.blogspot.com/2011/08/difference-between-obsolete-and-expired.html

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