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What are the Python automated testing frameworks that need to be mastered? The commonly used Python automated testing frameworks are Robot Framework, Pytest, UnitTest/PyUnit, Behave and Lettuce. The automation of software testing runs the system or application under preset conditions and evaluates the running results. The pre-conditions should include normal conditions and abnormal conditions. Automated testing is a process in which human-driven testing behavior is transformed into machine execution.

Some Python automated testing frameworks are used to automate software testing:

1. Robot Framework

Robot Framework is mainly used in test-driven type development and acceptance. Although developed by Python, it can also run on .net-based IronPython and Java-based Jython. As a Python framework, Robot is also compatible with platforms such as Windows, MacOS, and Linux.

Prerequisites: install Python 2.7.14 or above before using Robot Framework. Python 3.6.4 is recommended to ensure that appropriate comments can be added to the code snippet and can track changes to the program. You also need to install the Python package manager, pip. Download the appropriate development framework, such as PyCharm Community Edition, which is popular among developers. In addition, because the code snippet itself does not depend on any IDE, it is perfectly possible to use the existing IDE tools at hand.

II. Pytest

Pytest, which is suitable for many kinds of software testing, is another automated testing framework of Python type. With its open source and easy-to-learn characteristics, this tool is often used by QA teams, development teams, individual teams, and various open source projects. In view of the fact that Pytest has practical functions such as "assertion rewriting", many large Internet applications.

Prerequisites for use: users do not need more technical reserves than basic Python knowledge. In addition, users only need to have a test device with a command line interface and install the Python package manager and IDE tools available for development.

III. UnitTest/PyUnit

UnitTest/PyUnit is a standardized Python class automated testing framework for unit testing. The base class TestCase provides various assertion methods, as well as all cleanup and setup routines. So each method in the Testcase subclass is prefixed with the noun "test" to identify that they can be run as test cases. Users can use the load method and the TestSuite class to group and load various tests. You can also use it together to build a custom test runner. Just as we use Junit to test Selenium, UnitTest uses UnitTest-sml-reporting and can generate reports of various XML types.

Prerequisites: since UnitTest uses Python by default, we don't need any prerequisites. In addition to having a basic knowledge of the Python framework, you can also install pip and IDE tools for development.

IV. Behave

Behavior-driven development (behavior-driven development,BDD) is a method based on agile software development. It encourages collaboration among developers, business participants, and QA personnel. As another Python testing framework, Behave allows teams to avoid complex situations and perform BDD tests. In essence, the framework is very similar to SpecFlow and Cucumber and is often used to perform automated tests. Users can write test cases in a simple and easy-to-read language and paste them into the code during their execution. Moreover, those established behavior norms and steps can also be reused in other test scenarios.

Prerequisites: anyone with basic knowledge of Python can use Behave. Other prerequisites include: Python 2.7.14 and above must be installed first. You need to collaborate with Behave through the Python package manager or pip. Most developers will choose Pycharm as their development environment, but they can also choose other IDE tools.

5. Lettuce

Lettuce is another behavior-driven class automation tool based on Cucumber and Python. Lettuce focuses on common tasks with the characteristics of behavior-driven development. It is not only easy to use, but also makes the whole testing process smoother and even more interesting.

Prerequisites: Python 2.7.14 with IDE and above is required. Of course, you can also use Pycharm or any other IDE tool. At the same time, you need to install the Python package manager.

Among the five Python frameworks for automated testing, Pytest, Robot Framework and UnitTest can be mainly used for functional and unit testing, while Lettuce and Behave are only suitable for behavior-driven testing.

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