Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

With the arrival of cold air, the temperature in the north has dropped sharply in recent days. I wonder if you all feel the message that winter is coming. Anyway, the editor is already shivering with the quilt.

The latest weather in Beijing but considering that the weather will be even colder after the Beginning of Winter, in line with the guiding ideology of "covering spring and autumn freezing", the editor decided to stick to it for a period of time.

Shivering at the same time, the editor suddenly thought, from the perspective of physics, when to change into thick clothes is more appropriate? Do you want to wear long johns? how much is the right amount of clothes? Let's explore the problem. (dart: the conclusion is at the end)

It is well known that the deep body temperature of a normal human body without a fever is in the range of 37 ±1 °C. as a thermostat, people who want to maintain their own body temperature must continue to generate heat. The "heat engine" of the human body mainly depends on skeletal muscle and liver, which are responsible for most of the heat production of the body in exercise and quiet state, respectively. The amount of heat generated at rest is 83.72W (72 kcal per hour), and three times as much during exercise as when it is quiet. On the other hand, the stimulation of cold environment can cause the shivering response of skeletal muscle and increase the heat production by 4 to 5 times. So when we do strenuous exercise and sweat, we usually don't feel cold.

Burn, my little liver! The picture is generated by BingAI. In addition, people also have a thermoregulatory system. The regulation of human temperature is mainly regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus regulates body temperature through nerves and hormones, which can increase heat production and reduce heat dissipation when it is cold.

The heat dissipation of the human body often looks at the official account of the Institute of Physics. You must know that there are three ways of heat transfer: heat radiation, heat conduction and heat convection. Our human body also has four different ways of heat dissipation to regulate human body temperature: heat radiation, heat conduction, convective heat transfer, evaporative heat dissipation.

Thermal radiation any object whose temperature is higher than absolute zero will produce thermal radiation, which radiates energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. According to Stefan-Boltzmann law, the heat generated by radiation from an object with an area of An and a temperature of T is Q:

The thermal radiation is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature, σ is a constant, and the coefficient ε is related to the properties of the object itself. The absolute blackbody in physics can absorb all the energy of any wavelength radiated to its surface at any temperature, ε = 1 for absolute blackbody and ε for other objects.

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