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This article mainly introduces how to carry out host planning and disk partition in linux, which has a certain reference value. Interested friends can refer to it. I hope you will gain a lot after reading this article. Let's take a look at it.

= several common device file names:

IDE hard disk: / dev/hd [amurd]

SCSI/SATA/USB hard disk / USB disk: / dev/sd [Amurp]

Floppy drive: / dev/fd [0-1]

Printer: 25-pin (dev/lp [0-2]) USB (/ dev/usb/lp [0-15])

Mouse: USB (/ dev/usb/mouse [0-15]) PS2 (/ dev/psaux)

Current CD ROM/DVD ROM: / dev/cdrom

Current mouse: / dve/mouse

Tape drive: IDE (/ dev/ht0) SCSI (/ dev/st0)

For more hardware devices and file names supported by the linux kernel, refer to:

Http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lanana/device-list/devices-2.6.txt

The composition of the disk: =

The disk consists of a disk, a mechanical arm, a magnetic head and a spindle motor. The data is written on the disk. The upper part of the disk can be subdivided into two units: sector and cylinder. Where the sector size is 512bytes.

The first sector of the entire disk is very important, recording two important messages:

* Primary boot partition (Master Boot Record,MBR): where the boot loader can be installed, 446bytes.

* partition table (partition table): record the status of the partition of the whole hard disk, 64bytes.

Note: there can be up to four primary and extended partitions, up to one extended partition, which can be divided into four primary partitions, or three primary partitions + one extended partition, or two primary partitions + one extended partition, and so on. The number of logical partitions varies from operating system to operating system. In linux, IDE has up to 59 logical partitions (numbers 5 to 63) and SATA hard drives up to 11 (numbers 5 to 15).

= = boot flow and primary boot partition (MBR) =

CMOS: a memory that records hardware parameters and is embedded on the motherboard.

BIOS: a firmware written to the motherboard (firmware is a software program written to the hardware), the first program that the computer system will actively execute when powered on, it will read the parameter values of CMOS, and can modify the parameter values inside.

The entire boot process:

1Boot BIOS: the firmware that boots the active execution will recognize the first bootable device, usually the hard disk.

2 MBR: the main boot partition in the first sector of the first bootable device, which contains the boot loader.

3. Boot loader (Boot Loader): a piece of software that can be executed by reading kernel files.

4, kernel file: start the operating system function.

Boot Loader is written in MBR and is only the size of 446bytes at most. It is very small and perfect. It provides the following functions:

* provide menu: users can choose different boot options, which is an important function of multi-boot.

* load kernel files: point directly to the bootable program section to start the operating system.

* transfer to other loader: transfer the boot loading function to another loader.

Note the third point: the boot loader Boot Loader can be installed not only in MBR, but also in the boot sector (also known as boot sector) (boot sector) of each partition.

= = file system and directory =

Mount: use a directory as the entry point to place the data of the disk partition under that directory; that is, you can read the meaning of the partition by entering the directory.

Typical case of hard disk partitioning:

* / boot

* Swap

* /

* / usr

* / home

* / var

* / tmp

When the installation fails on the notebook, you can consider adding: linux nofb apm=off acpi=off pci=noacpi startup parameters, turn off the power-saving function.

Thank you for reading this article carefully. I hope the article "how to carry out Host Planning and disk Partition in linux" shared by the editor will be helpful to everyone. At the same time, I also hope that you will support and pay attention to the industry information channel. More related knowledge is waiting for you to learn!

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