Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Thanks to CTOnews.com netizen ZKSen, if you are not well-behaved, give me a shot of clue delivery! CTOnews.com, October 22, China now has a layout of multi-band telescopes, space gravitational waves and low-energy neutrino observatories (JUNO). Next, China will build its first deep-sea neutrino telescope to complete the layout of deep space, deep ground to deep sea.

The T.D.Lee Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University officially released the blueprint of the "Sea Ling Project" (TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope,TRIDENT) last week.

The project will build China's first deep-sea neutrino telescope 3500 meters below the South China Sea to explore the extreme universe by capturing high-energy (sub-TeV to PeV) celestial neutrinos. The project is headed by Jing Yipeng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Xu Donglian, a T.D.Lee scholar, as chief scientist.

The top picture of ▲ shows the sea bell project. Source: Shanghai Jiaotong University, lower neutrinos, also known as ghost particles or ghost messengers, are particles that have no electric charge and have almost zero mass, which means they rarely interact with other types of matter.

They can be said to be ubiquitous, they are subatomic particles second only to photons in richness in the universe. The CTOnews.com query found that hundreds of trillions of solar neutrinos actually penetrate our bodies every second, but they are extremely difficult to detect and difficult to capture.

Neutrinos were first predicted theoretically in 1930, but they were not observed experimentally until 1956. At present, there are three known types of neutrinos, electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos and Tao neutrinos, which can be converted to each other due to quantum effects in the process of space-time propagation, which is the famous neutrino oscillation phenomenon. Scientists' research on the properties of neutrinos has repeatedly refreshed our understanding of the basic laws of physics and won four Nobel Prizes.

It is worth mentioning that neutrino astronomy is on the threshold of a major breakthrough. This is also the opportunity for China to catch up with or even surpass the international frontier in the emerging field of neutrino astronomy.

The world's largest and most sensitive neutrino telescope, IceCube (IceCube), is built in Antarctic ice at a depth of 2500 meters. Just built in 2010, a diffuse high-energy neutrino stream from the earth was first detected in 2013, and the first known evidence of celestial sources was discovered in 2017, opening the door to high-energy neutrino astronomy. In 2015, the LIGO experiment "listened" to the spectacular merger of two black holes through gravitational waves for the first time. These two discoveries mark the advent of a new era that combines photons, gravitational waves and neutrinos to unravel the mysteries of the universe: the era of multi-messenger astronomy.

According to the official introduction, the project was officially proposed in August 2020, and then, in a limited time of only one year, an exploration capsule with highly sensitive photosensitive elements and a corresponding deep-sea deployment system suitable for 4000 meters of deep-sea environment were developed.

The first phase of the "Hailing" project was launched at the end of 2022, with plans to build 10 telescopes in the selected sea area and connect them to an island base in the South China Sea through long-distance sea cables. the world's first small near-equatorial neutrino telescope is expected to be completed in 2026, and the "Hailing" telescope is expected to become the most advanced neutrino telescope in the world around 2030.

It is worth mentioning that the Hailing team has completed the first sea trial task, measured and verified the feasibility of a candidate sea area in the South China Sea as the site of the neutrino telescope, and completed the conceptual design of the "Hailing" neutrino telescope. the related papers have been published in Nature Astronomy.

They innovated the conceptual design of a new hybrid detection module, which tightly covered the inner surface of the cabin with multiple photomultiplier tubes (PMT) that could detect single photons, to form a compound eye structure similar to that of fruit flies, and skillfully used the gap between PMT to install ultra-fast time response silicon photomultiplier tubes, so that neutrinos in different directions could be observed without dead angle.

Xu Donglian said that the "Hailing" telescope will use the whole earth as a shield to receive neutrinos penetrating from the opposite side of the earth. "because it is located near the equator, the Hailing telescope can detect 360-degree all-sky neutrinos through the earth's rotation." to achieve non-dead-angle observation of neutrinos in different directions, complementary to Antarctic IceCube and other neutrino telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere. "

According to the plan, the Hailing neutrino telescope array will become the world's first small near-equatorial neutrino telescope in 2026, carry out the search for celestial sources inside and outside the Milky way, and complete the full-chain technical verification of building a large array. The sea bell ultimate large array will consist of a series of about 1200 telescopes with a diameter of about 4 kilometers and a total area of about 12 square kilometers, surpassing the upgraded IceCube and is expected to become the most advanced neutrino telescope in the world after 2030.

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