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Gravitational waves, called ripples of space-time, are usually related to massive celestial bodies such as black holes, but we can also use lasers to create gravitational waves in the laboratory and even use them to transmit information.

(by Chen Qiang / tr. by Robert Taylor)

General relativity holds that when any mass object accelerates its motion, it will produce ripples in space-time and propagate outward at the speed of light from its position. Such ripples in space-time are gravitational waves.

However, the gravitational waves generated by most objects are extremely weak, and only severe astronomical events, such as black holes or the merging of neutron stars, can produce gravitational waves that are strong enough to be observed. Gravitational waves were first detected directly by the Laser Interferometry gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) in September 2015, but when they reach Earth, the spatio-temporal changes caused by gravitational waves are only 1/1000 of the diameter of a nucleus.

Therefore, it seems unthinkable to create gravitational waves in the laboratory. However, according to a recent preprinted paper, a research group is working on a plan to make it possible.

Killian Martineau, a physicist at the University of Grenoble-Alps in France and one of the authors of this paper who preprinted gravitational waves with lasers, said that if we could create controllable gravitational waves in the laboratory, we could learn a lot about gravitational and cosmology, such as using them to test different gravitational theories without having to rely on gravitational wave signals from distant celestial bodies.

Their proposal is that a high-frequency gravitational wave can be generated by using a high-power "distorted" laser (a laser with orbital angular momentum), and such gravitational waves can be detected by the corresponding instruments.

But how can a laser create gravitational waves? This is all due to Einstein's mass-energy relation formula: E=mc2. Mass can produce gravitational and gravitational waves, and energy is the square of mass times the speed of light, so energy can also produce gravitational and gravitational waves. Just like the relationship between mass and gravity, the higher the energy, the stronger the gravity and the stronger gravitational waves.

The team theoretically analyzed several very powerful lasers, such as those used in fusion reactors, to see what kind of gravitational waves they produce. The results show that, different from the gravitational waves generated by astronomical events such as the merging of black holes, the gravitational waves generated by laser will produce complex wave patterns in space-time, and their frequencies are trillions times higher than those detected by LIGO and other detectors.

Then they began to try to find a way to detect these gravitational waves. In theory, they have two viable options. One is to place an extra laser nearby, which will make a detectable response to the gravitational waves generated; the other is to use a magnetic field to convert these gravitational waves into light and observe the light produced.

The research helps to achieve gravitational wave communication, and the team also said that it may take many years to create detectable gravitational waves in the laboratory. But if we can finally do it, it may also help to achieve gravitational wave communication.

Radio waves are widely used in communication technology, but they are also easily affected by various factors, resulting in signal attenuation, distortion and interference. Gravitational waves, on the other hand, have extraordinary advantages because they can pass through almost anything unscathed. This means that gravitational waves not only allow us to observe distant celestial bodies whose light is blocked, they can also become a new kind of information carrier, allowing us to communicate more efficiently. For example, gravitational wave information can be transmitted directly through the earth from one end of the earth to the other, thus achieving rapid information transmission.

Of course, all this is only a theoretical possibility, and there is still a long way to go to achieve real gravitational wave communication.

References:

Https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.04191

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