Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Thanks to CTOnews.com netizens for the clue delivery of hedgehog against the rain! CTOnews.com, October 11, according to Google developer official account, the source code of Android 14 has been pushed to the Android open source project (AOSP).

Android 14 is designed to increase developer productivity while providing users with better performance, privacy, security and customization features.

Officials also introduced the "part of Android 14 that has the greatest impact on developers". CTOnews.com sorted it out as follows:

Performance and efficiency officials claim that one of the focus areas of Android 14 is to "bring better performance and efficiency to the platform".

Before the application of the frozen cache in Android 14, the application of the cache can be run almost unrestricted. In Android 14, the system freezes the application shortly after it enters the cache, reducing its CPU time to zero.

On Android 14 Beta, the associated caching process consumes 50% less CPU cycles than on Android 13 official devices.

Therefore, background work outside the regular Android application lifecycle API (such as foreground service, JobScheduler, or WorkManager) will be prohibited.

Broadcast optimization in order to keep frozen applications frozen for a longer period of time (for example, they will not get CPU time), officials have adjusted the way applications receive contextual registered broadcasts after they enter the cached state.

Faster application startup speed comes with Android 14's optimization of caching applications and broadcasts, which is "able to break the long-term limit on the number of platform caching applications". Android 14 reduces the number of cold-start applications, and the larger the device RAM, the "more significant" the improvement.

On 8GB RAM devices, the cold start application of the Beta test group decreased by 20 per cent, while on 12GB RAM devices it decreased by 30 per cent. Compared with hot start, cold start is slower and consumes more power. This work effectively improves power consumption and overall application startup time.

Reducing the memory footprint and improving the Android runtime (Android Runtime, ART) have a great impact on the Android user experience.

Code size is one of Google's key metrics: the smaller the file generated, the smaller the memory footprint (including RAM and storage space). In Android 14, ART reduces the code size by an average of 9.3% without affecting performance.

Customized experience is the core gene of Android, and officials say Android 14 will further revolve around the customized experience of users, thereby improving accessibility and internationalization.

Nonlinear font magnification starts with Android 14, and users can enlarge the font to 200%.

Previously, fonts on Pixel devices could be magnified up to 130%. The system will use a nonlinear magnification curve to make the magnification speed of large text elements on the screen different from that of small text elements, so as to prevent large text elements from being over-magnified.

▲ (left) 100% font size (center) linearly enlarged to 200% (right) non-linearly magnified to 200%. Image source Google application language preference developers can use LocaleManager.setOverrideLocaleConfig to dynamically update the localeConfig of the application to define the language list in the list of application languages on the Android settings page.

IME can now update the keyboard language by using LocaleManager.getApplicationLocales to get the interface language of the current application.

Starting with Android Studio Giraffe and AGP 8.1, developers can also configure applications to automatically support Android 13 application language preferences.

New media featur

▲ image source Google Android 14 now supports 10-bit high dynamic range (HDR) images as well as super-strong HDR image formats. The format is fully backward compatible with JPEG, allowing applications to seamlessly use HDR images and render them using standard dynamic ranges as needed.

The super HDR image format Android 14 upgrades and improves the camera extension to allow applications to support longer processing time and improve image quality through compute-intensive algorithms.

Lossless USB Audio Android 14 devices support lossless audio formats, allowing you to get a feverish audio experience through USB wired headphones

The new graphics function Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangular bands, and can also support indexing as needed. These meshes are written in AGSL and contain custom attributes, vertex spans, varying variables, and vertex / clip shaders.

The Canvas hardware buffering renderer Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer, which allows Android's Canvas API to use hardware acceleration when drawing in HardwareBuffer. This feature is especially useful when the use case involves communicating with the system synthesizer through SurfaceControl for low-latency rendering.

Cross-device and multi-size screen development Android 14 continues to provide good support for tablets and collapsible devices on the basis of Android 12L and 13, such as making the taskbar better support for multitasking, releasing system applications and notification interfaces optimized for large screens, Activity embedding, improved mailbox mode and media drop screens, etc.

Increase productivity many of the updates in Android 14 will make the user's development experience more consistent, interesting, and efficient. Many of these updates will also be available on previous platform versions through Google Play system updates, Jetpack development libraries, and Google Play services, making it easier to cover more users.

OpenJDK 17 supports Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), enabling more than 600 million devices to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates released with Android 14.

The Google Play system Update credential Manager and the pass key credential Manager are the new Jetpack API that supports multiple login methods through a single API, such as username and password, pass key (Passkey), and federated login solutions (such as logging in with a Google account) to help developers simplify the integration process. The credential manager can be supported down to Android 4.4 (API level 19) through Google's Play service.

Health ConnectHealth Connect is a user-controlled device-side content library for storing user health and fitness data, making it easier to integrate health and fitness experiences across applications and devices than ever before. Health Connect is part of the Android platform and is upgraded through Google Play system updates without the need for a separate download. It is available as an app on earlier devices and can be downloaded from the Google Play Store.

▲ source Google's more powerful system SharesheetAndroid 14's system Sharesheet can add custom actions and improve the ranking mechanism of shared goals, so that your application can easily provide users with a rich and consistent sharing experience.

Android 14, which improves the ranking of direct sharing targets, updates the requirements for declaring foreground service types and requesting specific types of permissions.

Google Play services have also introduced new policies to ensure that developers use these API properly. Officials have also added user-initiated data transfer job types, which can set constraints for JobScheduler, thus simplifying the management of large user-initiated uploads and downloads (such as setting network constraints that only allow downloads through unmeasured Wi-Fi).

User experience predictability return following the introduction of "back to home screen" animation in Android 13, Android 14 introduced a new cross-Activity and cross-task predictability (Predictive Back) system animation. The system animation can still be manually enabled in developer options to allow time for more polishing and allow more applications to choose to adapt to predictive returns. Material and Jetpack libraries currently provide predictive return animation for everyone to use.

Privacy and security users will see a new description in the runtime authorization dialog box for location information, highlighting how the application shares location data with third parties, so that users can learn more and control the application's access to the data.

▲ Source Google grants partial access to photos and videos in Android 14 (API level 34), when an application requests any visual media rights (READ_MEDIA_IMAGES or READ_MEDIA_VIDEO) introduced in Android 13 (API level 33), users can grant partial access to their photos and videos. We recommend that you use the latest best practices in your application to adapt to this change.

Background launch ActivityAndroid 10 (API level 29) and above impose restrictions on the timing for applications running in the background to launch Activity. In order to further reduce the disruption to the user experience, applications targeting Android 14 need to grant startup privileges to start Activity in the background when sending PendingIntent or binding services.

To prevent malware from using the old version of SDK to bypass the latest security and privacy measures, applications with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 will not be installed starting with Android 14.

Applications where the runtime receiver targets Android 14 must indicate whether the use of dynamic Context.registerReceiver () should be considered "exported" or "unexported". This is a continuation of list-level work in previous versions.

Secure full-screen Intent notifications because full-screen Intent notifications are designed for extremely high-priority notifications that require immediate attention, Android 14 will only allow applications that provide call and alarm clock capabilities to gain this permission at installation. Your application can launch the settings page to allow users to complete authorization.

More secure dynamic code loading dynamically loaded files for applications targeted at Android 14 need to be marked as read-only.

More secure implicit Intent applications targeting Android 14 will throw an exception when creating mutable PendingIntent using implicit Intent in case they are used to trigger unexpected code paths.

Application compatibility when releasing a new platform version, officials said that "priority will be given to application compatibility" to "make the update process faster and smoother".

In Android 14, most application-oriented changes are still optional, giving you more time to adjust and adapt until the developer upgrades the application's targetSdkVersion to 34. We have also updated tools and processes to help you get ready faster.

To make it easier to test and debug changes to make it easier for developers to test optional changes that may affect the application, officials still provide switch options for many changes this year. You can "force these changes to be enabled or disabled separately" in developer options or adb.

According to the application compatibility switch in the ▲ developer option, Google officially claims that if you are a developer of SDK, development libraries, tools and game engines, it is important to release the necessary updates now:

Your update can save downstream application and game developers from compatibility problems and introduce the latest SDK features in a timely manner. Therefore, be sure to inform your downstream developers in a timely manner after releasing the necessary compatibility updates for Android 14.

Just install your official version of the application through Google Play or other sources on the device running Android 14 to start testing. Please test all processes of the application to find out the problems exposed in the functionality or user interface. Please determine the test focus through the behavior change list (for all applications)

With the release of each version of Android, we will make overall improvements to the platform to enhance privacy and security, and optimize the user experience of the entire operating system, which may affect your application.

Referenc

The latest release | Android 14 has been officially released to AOSP!

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