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This article mainly introduces the core technology of block chain operation, which is very detailed and has a certain reference value. Friends who are interested must read it!

1. Links to blockchain

As the name implies, a block chain is a chain made up of blocks. Each block is divided into two parts: block head and block (including transaction data). The block head includes a PrevHash value (also known as a hash value) of the previous block used to link the block and a random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the head of the previous block, and the rule of calculating random numbers determines which miner can get the right to record the block.

two。 Consensus mechanism

Blockchain is born with Bitcoin and is the basic technical architecture of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as an Internet-based decentralized accounting system. Decentralized digital currency systems such as Bitcoin require the consistency of accounting among honest nodes without a central node, which requires a block chain to complete. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is the consensus mechanism to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of the transaction among individuals who have no basis of trust in each other without central control.

At present, there are mainly four kinds of consensus mechanisms of blockchain: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consistency algorithm.

3. Unlock script

Script is an important technology to realize automatic verification and automatic execution of contracts on block chains. Each output of each transaction does not strictly point to an address, but to a script. A script is similar to a set of rules that constrain how the receiver can spend the assets locked on this output.

The validity of the transaction also depends on the script. Currently it relies on two types of scripts: lock scripts and unlock scripts. A lock script is a condition added to the output transaction, which is implemented through a scripting language and is located at the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script, and only if the conditions required by the locking script are met can the corresponding asset on this script be spent, which is located in the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed through scripting languages. The interpretation script is similar to the "virtual machine" in our programming field, which runs on every node in the blockchain network.

4. Transaction rules

The transaction of the block chain is not only the basic unit of the block, but also the actual effective content that the block chain is responsible for recording. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer or other transactions such as the deployment of a smart contract.

In the case of Bitcoin, a transaction is a payment transfer. The trading rules are as follows:

1) the input and output of the transaction cannot be empty.

2) for each input to a transaction, if its corresponding UTXO output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction is rejected. Because of the current delivery.

Yi Chi is a transaction that is not recorded in the blockchain, and each input to the transaction should come from the confirmed UTXO. If it is found in the current trading pool, it is the Shuanghua transaction.

3) for each input in the transaction, the corresponding output must be UTXO.

4) each input unlock script (unlocking script) must work with the corresponding output lock script (locking script) to verify the compliance of the deal.

5. Transaction priority

The priority of blockchain transactions is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For Bitcoin, the priority in which the transaction is contained in the block is determined by the time and volume of the transaction being broadcast to the network. With the increase of the time that the transaction is broadcast to the network and the chain age of the transaction, the priority of the transaction will be raised and will eventually be included in the block. For Etay Fong, the priority of the transaction is also related to the transaction fees that the publisher of the transaction is willing to pay. the higher the transaction fee the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority of the transaction to be included in the block.

6.Merkle proof

The original application certified by Merkle is the Bitcoin system (Bitcoin), which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle certificates to store transactions in each chunk. So that the transaction can not be tampered with, and it is also easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block.

7.RLP

RLP (Recursive Length Prefix, Recursive length prefix Encoding) is a main coding method of object serialization in Ethereum, and its purpose is to encode the sequence of arbitrary nested binary data.

These are all the contents of the article "what are the core technologies of blockchain operation". Thank you for reading! Hope to share the content to help you, more related knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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