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Thanks CTOnews.com netizen Hua Ke high achiever's clue delivery! This article comes from the official account of Wechat: SF Chinese (ID:kexuejiaodian), author: SF

At Apple's new product launch in the early hours of September 13, the new smartwatch Apple Watch Series 9 attracted the attention of users. The most impressive thing about this smartwatch is its gesture control function. If you want to know your health data, just tap your index finger and thumb to get information such as steps, heart rate, blood oxygen concentration, and even mental health. Have you ever wondered how these smart devices do it?

(by Haley Bennett (Hayley Bennett) / tr. by Robert Taylor)

Translation | Happy

Editor | Zhao Jiaming

Among these data, step-by-step is probably the most puzzling. Smartphones, watches and bracelets are not worn on our feet. How do they know how many steps we have taken?

How do smart devices pace? We may already know that smart devices use navigation systems like GPS to calculate the distance they move. But after disabling GPS, you will find that the fitness software in your mobile phone and watch can still display the number of steps. This is because smart devices use built-in sensors rather than GPS.

Typically, sensors used in smart devices include accelerometers and gyroscopes-accelerometers are used to measure acceleration, and gyroscopes can track the direction the device is pointing. These sensors work by measuring the electrical signals generated by the movement of tiny components in the equipment. Because a person will produce vibration when walking or running, the sensor can calculate the force acting on a person when he is moving by measuring these electrical signals. Through Newton's second theorem of motion, the value of acceleration is obtained. Based on the acceleration value, the sensor can determine the motion status of the person and complete the step counting.

©Raimond Spekking / CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons) accelerometer in Motorola's Xoom tablet) scientists say the best position for pedalling is on the hips, so it should be more accurate to keep the phone in your trouser pocket than in your bag.

The sensors used in intelligent devices for pedometer include not only acceleration sensors, but also vibration sensors and gravity sensors. In the vibration sensor, the sensor receives the mechanical quantity and converts it into the corresponding electric quantity, which belongs to a kind of electromechanical conversion device. For example, a vibration sensor uses the law of electromagnetic induction-when a moving conductor cuts a magnetic line in a fixed magnetic field, an electromotive force is generated at both ends of the conductor. The gravity sensor works based on the piezoelectric effect: the movement causes the crystal to deform and generate voltage and output electrical signals.

Is the mobile phone pedometer safe? Today's smart devices can almost count steps, and many people are happy to share their steps with friends in App, and sometimes launch "step competitions."

However, I believe most of us have never thought that such a simple number of steps is also a matter of our privacy. Some studies have found that people's personality characteristics can be determined by analyzing the number of steps. Scientists point out that a person's movement characteristics can be inferred from the number of steps, and the movement characteristics are related to a person's personality.

Therefore, it can be said that if people with ulterior motives get our step information, it is possible to analyze our personality characteristics. If we use this to promote targeted sales, will some fraudulent and misleading incidents become more frequent?

In addition, through our steps, merchants can analyze the information such as the time we go out, the location of our activities and the frequency of our activities, so as to know the areas and consumption habits of our frequent activities. businesses can carry out more targeted marketing to consumers.

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