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CTOnews.com, September 12 (Xinhua)-- artificial intelligence chatbots like OpenAI's ChatGPT can run a software company in a fast, cost-effective way, while minimizing human intervention, according to a new study.

In a recent study, research teams from Brown University and several Chinese universities conducted an experiment to explore whether artificial intelligence robots driven by ChatGPT's 3.5 language model can complete the software development process without prior training.

To test this, the researchers created a hypothetical software development company called ChatDev. Based on the waterfall model (a sequential method of creating software), the company is divided into four phases in chronological order: design, coding, testing, and documentation.

The researchers then assign specific roles to artificial intelligence robots by providing "key details" to each robot. These "key details" describe "specified tasks and roles, communication protocols, termination criteria, and constraints." Once the researchers gave the robots their roles, each robot was assigned to its own stage. For example, ChatDev's "CEO" and "CTO" work in the "Design" phase, and "programmers" and "graphic designers" work in the "Code" phase. At each stage, artificial intelligence workers communicate with each other with minimal human input, completing specific parts of the software development process-from deciding which programming language to use to identifying errors in the code-until the software is completed.

The researchers conducted experiments in different software scenarios and conducted a series of analyses to understand how long it takes ChatDev to complete each type of software and how much it costs for each type of software.

For example, the researchers asked ChatDev to "design a basic Gobang game," an abstract strategy board game. In the design phase, CEO asked CTO to "come up with a specific programming language" to "meet the needs of new users", and CTO responded with Python. CEO, in turn, said, "Great!" It also explains that the simplicity and readability of the programming language make it a popular choice for beginners and experienced developers. "

After CTO replied, "Let's get started," ChatDev entered the coding phase, where CTO asked the programmer to write a file, and then the programmer asked the designer to provide a "beautiful graphical user interface" for the software. Such a chat chain is repeated at each stage until the software development is complete.

After assigning 70 tasks to ChatDev, the study found that the AI-driven company could, on average, complete the entire software development process at a cost of less than a dollar in less than seven minutes, while identifying and resolving "potential vulnerabilities" through its "memory" and "self-reflection" capabilities. According to the paper, about 86.66% of the generating software systems are "perfect execution".

"our experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the CHATDEV-driven automated software development process," the researchers wrote in the paper.

The results of this study show that powerful generative artificial intelligence technologies such as ChatGPT can perform specific job functions in a variety of ways. However, the study is not perfect: the researchers found some limitations, such as errors and deviations in the language model, which can lead to problems in the software creation process. Still, the researchers say the findings "may be helpful to junior programmers or engineers in the real world".

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