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This article shows you what is the principle of the consensus algorithm GRANDPA in IPSE 2.0. The content is concise and easy to understand. It will definitely make you shine. I hope you can gain something through the detailed introduction of this article.

IPSE"Interstellar Search" is a search engine for IPFS networks that helps users quickly search and access files on distributed networks. In the IPSE mining model, users complete tasks such as distribution and storage, add semantic labels to hash content, store data safely to IPFS network, and receive mining rewards. Its token issuance and transfers depend on the EOS network. Since interoperability between blockchain networks is inevitable, and the transformation of digital assets requires a cross-chain channel, IPSE opens the 2.0 project.

On the existing basis, IPSE will build an application chain, through a cross-chain system, to achieve interoperability with other blockchain networks, and then complete asset mapping to improve efficiency. IPSE 2.0 networks will be developed and designed based on existing Substrate, connecting networks such as Polkadot. Polkadot is a heterogeneous multi-chain architecture, which itself uses Substrate, while at the bottom, Polkadot uses Libp 2p protocol of IPFS protocol stack.

IPFS (Interstellar File System) is a distributed hypermedia transport protocol designed to build a decentralized Internet, consistent with Substrate/Polkadot's vision.

Polkadot's vision is to provide the most powerful platform for interoperability, security, scalability and innovation. Polkadot's goal is to release a relay chain and several parallel chains by the end of 2019 to launch the genesis block. After that, the network will grow to about 100 parallel chains. IPSE will use parallel chain technology to design 2.0 networks. In order to ensure the consistency of relay chain state of IPSE parallel chain and Polkadot system, hybrid consensus mechanisms, namely BABE and GRANDPA, are used.

GRANDPA: A Trusted Consensus Algorithm

One problem with Bitcoin proof-of-work or other protocols is that they don't provide asynchronous security, which means that a sufficiently large attack could lead to network-wide chaos. Polkadot separates block generation and validation for asynchronous security.

Polkadot uses its original GRANDPA (Recursive Anchor Deriving Prefix Agreement based on GHOST) consensus to build a safer, more resilient network.

Under good network conditions, GRANDPA can be segmented almost instantaneously. Under poor network conditions, such as network partitioning, GRANDPA can complete a large number of blocks (theoretically millions) at once during partition resolution.

The key behind GRANDPA is to incorporate the structure of the blockchain into the consensus algorithm. When considering whether a block is valid, it depends on the validity of the parent block to be considered. This block is valid if the parent block is valid, and so on. In addition, instead of voting on individual blocks, participants are asked to vote on the highest block they think is valid, and the GRANDPA algorithm applies the vote to all previous blocks by voting. The GRANDPA algorithm then determines the best blocks with more than 2/3 votes and generates a proof-of-finality. The final proof is constructed by taking a majority of votes and bundling them together into a single message.

In other words, as long as more than two-thirds of the verifiers prove that a chain type contains a particular block, all blocks associated with that block are finally confirmed.

So would a validator with voting rights cheat? First of all, the verifier runs at all nodes, responsible for verifying and adding blocks to the relay chain, 2/3 guarantees that only things that are in the interest of the majority of nodes in the network will be confirmed. Second, there are nominees and proofreaders (phishers) in the network. The verifier cheating will be restricted by the proofreader and will lose the trust of the nominees.

In general, BABE algorithm is responsible for block generation, GRANDPA algorithm is responsible for confirmation, and under the 2/3 recursive determination principle, the overall efficiency of the block is qualitatively improved. Relay chain is the core of Polkadot network, which ensures that information is transmitted between parallel chains and parallel chains. Information can be transactions or any type of data. After IPSE 2.0 parallel chain is constructed, under the action of BABE+GRANDPA hybrid consensus algorithm, high message transmission efficiency will be obtained, and consensus security can be shared at the same time.

What is the principle of the consensus algorithm GRANDPA in IPSE 2.0? Have you learned any knowledge or skills? If you want to learn more skills or enrich your knowledge reserves, please pay attention to the industry information channel.

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