Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Thanks to CTOnews.com netizens Rain and Snow on the way, grass Luo Yuzi and Colorful M for the clue delivery! CTOnews.com, August 31 (Xinhua)-- following the successful landing of the Lunar ship 3 probe near the South Pole of the moon, India is about to launch its next space program, Helios-L1 (Aditya-L1), to study the sun and its impact on space weather.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) plans to launch the Helios-L1 probe from the Sriharikota Space Center in Andhra Pradesh, India, 14:20 on September 2, Beijing time. This is also India's first space mission to study the sun, at an estimated cost of 3.8 billion rupees (CTOnews.com Note: about 335 million yuan currently).

▲ India Aditya-L1 Aerospace, device Photo: ISRO

All the planets in the solar system are affected by solar weather. Changes in solar weather may change the orbit of satellites or shorten their lives, and may also lead to power outages and other disturbances on Earth. Therefore, in order to better understand and track solar activity and predict its impact, we need to make continuous solar observations.

According to ISRO, Helios-L1 will be sent to the halo orbit of the solar Earth system Lagrange Point (L1) to detect the sun, from where it will be able to observe the sun without obstacles.

According to reports, the research tasks of Helios-L1 will include:

The photosphere (the deepest part of the sun that we can see directly)

Chromosphere (layers about 400km and 2100 km above the photosphere)

Corona-the outermost layer of the sun

In fact, like the lunar mission, the Indian carrier rocket is not enough to launch it directly to the target location. Helios-L1 first needs to enter low-Earth orbit, where the mission team will check its various systems.

If all goes well, Helios-L1 will gradually expand its orbit, eventually get rid of the earth's gravity, and then move toward the earth-solar Lagrangian point L1, a gravity stable point about 1.5 million kilometers from the earth.

ISRO wrote in the mission description that the main advantage of the satellite around L1 is that it can continuously observe the sun without facing any occlusion / eclipse. This will provide a greater advantage for real-time observation of solar activity and its impact on space weather. This destination also explains the meaning of "L1" in its task name.

Once it reaches solar location L1, it will use its seven scientific instruments to observe the sun in various ways. For example, it helps researchers better understand the dynamics of solar flares and large-scale eruptions of superhot solar plasma (called coronal mass ejection).

The mission is also said to reveal why the outer layer of the sun, the corona, is much warmer than its surface-about 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit (1 million degrees Celsius), while the surface temperature is only about 5500 degrees Fahrenheit (3038 degrees Celsius).

CTOnews.com, here is a brief introduction to the exploration of the sun in other countries:

Us: NASA launched the Parker solar probe in August 2018. It finally flew over the sun's upper atmosphere and corona in December 2021 and sampled particles and magnetic fields there. This is the first time the spaceship has come into contact with the sun.

In February 2020, NASA joined hands with the European Space Agency (ESA) to launch a solar orbiter to collect data on how the sun creates and controls the changing space environment of the entire solar system.

Japan: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the first solar observation satellite Hinotori (ASTRO-A) in 1981. The aim is to use hard X-rays to study solar flares.

JAXA's other solar exploration missions include Yohkoh (SOLAR-A) launched in 1991; SOHO (cooperative NASA and ESA) in 1995; and transient regional and coronal explorer (TRACE) in cooperation with NASA in 1998.

In 2006, Japan also partnered with the United States and the United Kingdom to launch the Hinode (SOLAR-B) orbiting Solar Observatory, which is the successor of Yohkoh (SOLAR-A).

Europe: in October 1990, ESA launched Ulysses to study the space environment at the sun's poles. In addition to the solar mission launched in cooperation with NASA and JAXA, ESA also launched a Proba-2 in October 2001.

Proba-2, as its name suggests, belongs to the second task in the Proba series, based on Proba-1 's nearly eight years of successful experience. It is reported that Proba-2 has carried out a total of four experiments, two of which are solar observation experiments.

In addition, ESA is preparing to launch a solar exploration mission for Proba-3 in 2024, followed by a Smile mission planned for 2025.

China: on October 8, 2022, the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) of the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was successfully launched into orbit. ASO-S plans to take the 25th cycle peak of solar activity as an opportunity to achieve a breakthrough in the detection of zero by Chinese solar satellites.

It is equipped with three payloads, namely, the diurnal vector magnetic imager (FMG), the Lehmann Alpha Solar Telescope (LST) and the solar hard X-ray imager (HXI).

The satellite uses a sun-synchronous sunset orbit with an altitude of about 720 kilometers and a period of about 99 minutes. Such tracks only have shadows for about 2.5 months from mid-May to August each year, with a maximum shadow time of 18 minutes per track. The whole satellite maintains a Japan-oriented and three-axis stable attitude. After the satellite enters the orbit, the angle between the solar vector and the orbital plane is close to 98 °.

In general, the satellite can be divided into two parts: the satellite platform and the payload. The satellite platform is mainly composed of subsystems such as structure, thermal control, power supply, measurement and control, data transmission, integrated electronics, propulsion, solar wing, attitude and orbit control, which provide energy, communication and environmental protection for the scientific detection load.

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